固体废弃物填埋场调节池的浮盖技术.pdf

固体废弃物填埋场调节池的浮盖技术 张超平 罗 鹏 黄中林 深圳市下坪固体废弃物填埋场, 广东 518029 摘要 以深圳市下坪固体废弃物填埋场的调节池为例, 讲述调节池浮盖系统的组成、功能及其施工工艺, 论述浮盖系 统在污水调节池中应用的必要性及重要性, 同时 , 简明扼要地介绍该浮盖技术在国内填埋场的应用及前景。 关键词 垃圾填埋场 调节池 浮盖膜 垃圾填埋场在营运过程中 ,垃圾体产生的污水通 过渗滤液输送管流向污水调节池。这些污水 ,即渗滤 液是一种组成复杂的高浓度有机废水 [ 1] 。在调节池 中,污水产生的恶臭气味自由挥发会给周边环境带来 大气污染 ,影响周围环境 。为了有效地阻止污水产生 臭气向大气中挥发, 在渗滤液调节池污水面上覆盖一 层HDPE 膜 ,形成封闭的浮动膜 ,称之为“浮盖膜” [ 2] 。 1 深圳市下坪固体废弃物填埋场调节池现状 深圳市下坪固体废弃物填埋场 简称深圳市下坪 场 调节池的形状大致呈“月亮”型, 东侧为较陡的山 坡,西侧为 4 m 高挡墙 , 沿着调节池四周边缘设有一 道栏杆 ,西侧平台上铺设有地砖 , 宽为 3. 5 ～ 4. 0 m。 调节池上游坝长度为 28. 7 m , 下游截污坝长度为 62 m ,上游坝到截污坝的长度为 153 m 。污水调节池 平面面积为7 924 m 2 。 至2003年以来, 深圳市下坪场每天进场的生活 垃圾增至约3 200 t , 日产生垃圾污水随之增至约 1 200 t ,污水处理厂不能完全处理, 污水积存过多导 致恶臭气体浓度增大 ,成为下坪场最大的一个臭气散 发源 。垃圾渗滤液污染是垃圾收运 、 处理和处置过程 中最常见的“二次污染”之一 [ 3] ,因此 ,下坪场决定采 用浮盖技术来控制垃圾渗滤液对周边环境的污染 。 2 调节池浮盖系统的介绍 调节池浮盖系统主要包括 覆盖膜系统 、 气体收 集排放系统、 重力压管及雨水收集系统等。 2. 1 覆盖膜系统 由于调节池面积大, 浮盖膜长期处于受拉应力状 态; 加上浮盖膜长期处在阳光紫外线的辐射下 ; 同时 也受冬季低温的反复循环考验 ,所以环境对浮盖膜的 拉应力和抗老化性能要求特别高。因此选用了德国 “GSE”平板挤出工艺生产的高性能 2. 0 mm 双光面 HDPE 膜, 该产品适用于裸露的环境下, 故适于本 HDPE 膜通过焊接成为浮盖膜整体, 覆盖在渗滤液池 污水面上, 污水产生的气体无法穿透浮盖膜 ,只能通 过膜下的气体通道向调节池四周边缘囤积,由导气管 排向燃烧器 ,燃烧排空; 另外, 浮盖膜还可以有效阻止 雨水流进调节池内, 减少污水处理量 。 2. 2 气体收集排放系统 由于整个污水面被土工膜覆盖 ,为了把膜下的气 体导出 ,在沿调节池边坡四周布置一圈闭合集气花 管,用于收集产生的气体 。为了便于气体在膜下的流 动,在膜下每隔 1. 5 m,用 30 cm HDPE 膜带将225 mm 230 mm PVC 浮子捆绑并焊接至浮盖膜上, 利用浮盖 膜与浮子周围形成的气体通道 ,加快气体向池周边流 动。 2. 3 重力压管及雨水收集系统 为防止风力吸附对浮盖膜形成负压 ,对浮盖膜造 成损害 ,并且有利于气体向调节池四周聚集 ,拟在膜 面上安装重力压载管系统 。安装重力压管后 ,重力压 管在膜面上形成凹槽便于收集雨水 。当雨水不多时 可让其留在浮盖膜上, 有利于避免阳光直射浮盖, 当 雨水较多时 ,可采用小型清水泵把水抽到浮盖膜外 。 3 浮盖的施工工艺 调节池浮盖的安装方法与调节池的形状及周边 的场地、 是否存有污水等因素有直接关系 。调节池浮 盖的施工方法有“干法”或“湿法”两种。 在未投入使用的调节池或调节池地形较为不规 则以及池边没有足够的施工场地时 ,一般采用“干法” 施工 。“干法”施工程序 把存有的污水处理完毕※池 底清淤※ 安装气体收集管 ※ 铺设、 焊接浮盖膜 ※ 安装 气体排放管 ※安装重力压管 。 此种方法施工简易 , 下转第 82 页 61 环 境 工 程 2007年 4 月第25 卷第2 期 图 2 网络的拓扑结构 3 结论 网络的计算结果表明 ,实际输出与期望输出非常 一致 ,特别是将没有参加网络建立的两组数据用来检 验, 其结果十分准确, 表明网络的泛化能力很好。 RBF 网络以极少的迭代次数 9 次 得到了比较精确 的结果,相对于文献[ 2] 的评价方法更加简便有效 ,因 此可认为本研究建立的 RBF 网络可作为对湖库水质 富营养化程度进行评价的统一模型 。 参考文献 [ 1] 陈守煜. 工程模糊集理论与应用. 北京 国防工业出版社, 1998. [ 2] 王晓鹏. 基于多元统计分析的湖库水质富营养化程度评价模型 及应用. 数理统计与管理, 2003, 22 2 30. [ 3] 舒金华. 我国湖泊富营养化程度评价的探讨. 北京 国防工业出 版社, 1998. [ 4] 刘首文等. 人工神经网络在湖泊营养化评价中应用研究. 上海 环境科学, 1996, 15 1 11. [ 5] 吴绍龙. 水质评价的模型综合 灰度分析复合模型应用. 上 海环境科学, 1996, 15 6 9. [ 6] 胡明星, 郭达志. 湖泊水质富营养化评价的模糊神经网络方法. 环境科学研究, 1999, 11 4 40. [ 7] 林衍等. 湖泊水质富营养化评价的物元分析方法. 环境工程, 1996,14 5 44. [ 8] 阎平凡等. 人工神经网络与模拟进化计算. 北京 清华大学出版 社, 2000. [ 9] 高隽, 人工神经网络原理及仿真实例. 北京 机械工业出版社, 2003. [ 10 ] 楼天顺等. 基于 MATLAB 的系统分析与设计 神经网络. 西 安 西安电子科技大学出版社,2000. 作者通讯处 张晓丹 100083 北京科技大学应用科学学院 2006- 09-05 收稿 上接第 61页 但当污水注进浮盖膜下会产生很大的褶皱。 在已投入使用且形状较为规则并有足够的施工 场地的调节池, 一般可采用“湿法”施工 。“湿法”的施 工程序为 池外场地平整 ※实地丈量 、确定裁膜尺 寸※浮盖膜裁剪、拼接 ※集气管安装 ※浮盖膜的牵 引※排气管安装 ※重力压管安装。此种方法施工后 的效果好, 但必须有足够的焊接场地、牵引设备和牵 引场地。 深圳市下坪场的浮盖工程因要求最低水位要达 到101 m 标高 ,而现场没有足够宽阔的焊接场地。所 以本工程拟采用“干法”和“湿法”相结合的方法进行 施工, 即首先在清干的池子内焊接好满足达到 101 m 水位时的浮盖膜 ,其中一侧锚固,然后往池内注水 ,当 水位达到 101 m 后, 把其他三侧的浮盖膜牵引就位后 进行现浇混凝土压顶锚固 。 4 浮盖技术的应用及前景 采用 HDPE 膜在调节池上加盖是国内外近年来 对填埋场调节池污水产生的臭气进行有效控制的一 种较为合理的方法 。深圳市下坪场调节池的浮盖工 程已竣工将近一年, 能有效地控制臭气向大气环境的 自由挥发, 下坪场最大的臭气散发源已经被控制住。 现今 ,国内有许多大型的垃圾填埋场都运用浮盖技术 来为调节池进行加盖 ,包括青岛小涧西固体废弃物处 置场 、 山东即墨灵山垃圾填埋场及浙江嘉善垃圾填埋 场等, 这些填埋场均表明采用 HDPE 膜对调节池加盖 后对臭气控制的效果较好 。 浮盖技术在填埋场污水调节池的应用能够得到 很好地推广应归功于该技术可以很好地控制污水产 生的臭气向周边环境扩散 ,同时该技术还阻挡雨水进 入调节池减少污水处理量 , 并且也美化污水处理现 场。由此可见, 浮盖技术今后在国内的填埋场将会有 很广泛的应用。 参考文献 [ 1] 垃圾卫生填埋实用技术. 北京 化学工业出版社, 2004. [ 2] 广州市胜义防渗工程有限公司. 深圳市下坪固体废弃物填埋场 污水调节池封盖. 2004. [ 3] 赵爱华, 王雷,秦峰. 上海市环境工程设计科学研究院, 第二届 城市固体废物管理与处理技术国际研讨会论文集, 2003. 作者通讯处 张超平 518029 深圳市八卦路众鑫科技大厦 深圳 下坪填埋场 2006- 07-08 收稿 82 环 境 工 程 2007年 4 月第25 卷第2 期 APPLICATION OF VARIOUS CATALYSTS IN PLASMA AIR PURIFIER Zhao Fa Wang Li Xing Yi 43 Abstract The experiment indicated that plasma technology has excellent effect to remove indoor VOCs, and can reach more than 90 on condition of proper flux and stronger discharging voltage. Without treatment of ozone, CO and so on produced by the technology will lead to the second -pollution to atmospheric environment. Based on the technology of catalysis and trans, the effect of disposing tail gas pollution from purifying indoor air is also studied with catalyst. So it is discussed how to select proper postpositional catalyst and catalyzed temperature. In addition, how to devise the configuration of reactor that makes it adapt to more flux gas is also discussed. Keywords plasma, indoor air pollution, catalysis trans, catalyst and toluene DISCUSSION ON DOUBLE RETURN ROUTE ABSORPTION TOWER AND ITS CIRCULATION SLURRY COMPUTATIONWan Jinbao Li Yuanyuan 46 Abstract The double return route absorption tower can be applied to the flue gas desulfurization system of thermoelectric power station, sintering plant and so on. It owns the advantages of good mass transfer effect, high desulphurization rate and high gypsum purity , which has the superiority on reducing the development of natural gypsum resources and protecting resources. Through describing the principle and characteristics of the double return route tower, it is analyzed its structure and the perance step by step, and then furhter demonstrated its computational of circulation slurry. Keywords double return route, absorption tower, desulfurization and slurry REING BAG FILTER FROM ESP OF DEDUSTING SYSTEM OF SINTERING MACHINE TAIL AND ORE SIZINGChi Zhiyong 49 Abstract It is described the design of the electrical precipitator changing into a long low -voltage pulse dust catacher for 3 sets of dedusting systems of the sintering machine tail and the ore sizing area of an ore -sintering plant. It is introduced the existing defects of the original EP, the specific measures, the lectotype of main equipments, and the testing data of the dedusting system operations etc. It has operated reliably for 2 years, all the technical inds are always in good state. Keywords sintering machine, ore sizing, dedusting system, long low-voltage pulse dust catcher, electrical precipitator and reing bag filter from ESP NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD IN THE NEW GASIFIER HEATING BY HIGH TEMPERATURE SMOKEXiao Bo Wang Yingying Zhou Xinping et al 52 Abstract In order to know the pyrology state of the new gasifier heating by high temperature smoke, the combination of experiment and computational fluid dynamics was applied. By the computational fluid dynamics and the data from the pyrogenation experiment of the Chinese parasol tree leaves heating by electric cooker andthe new gasifier, itwas simulatedthe temperature field in the reactor. The resultsof the simulation show good agreement with experimental data. The numerical results also show that the temperature in the reactor wasdistributed suitably , the range of high temperature was wide, it can provide adequate energy for pyrogenation. At the same time, it was simulated the temperature field in the reactor when it was circulated continuously ,which was in favor of ameliorating the gasifier. Keywords high temperature smoke for heating, gasifier, temperature field and numerical simulation APPLICATION OF ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR IN MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT Pei Zhaotang Wu Weixiang 55 Abstract In the treatment of medicalwastesincineration, the choice for furnace lines is the most concerned factor by the project designer as well as the key factor for the medical waste treatment canwhether achieve the aim of innoxiousness, decrement and resource, especially achieving the aim of innocuous treatment. It is focused on discussing the application of rotary kiln incinerator in the medical waste incineration treatment by the process design of medicalwaste incineration in a northwest city. Keywords medicalwastes, rotary kiln incinerator and process design DISPOSAL OF MSWI FLY ASH THROUGH A COMBINED Na3PO4-COAL ASH BINDER IMMOBILIZATION PROCESSZhang Dajie He Xinghua Hou Haobo 58 Abstract MSWI fly ash is considered a hazardous waste because of high heaavy metal concentration and must be treated. Combined Na3PO4-coal ash immobilization process was used to stabilize and solidify the heavy metal of MSWI fly ash. Results show that the disposal effect is good, and the MSWI fly ash can reach landfill standard by mixing 1. 5Na3PO4and 25 coal ash binder after 7 d curing. Keywords MSWI fly ash, Na3PO4, coal ash and stabilization -solidification FLOATING COVER TECHNIQUE OF REGULATING RESERVOIR FOR REFUSE LANDFILL Zhang Chaoping Luo Peng Huang Zhonglin 61 4 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 25, No. 2,Apr. ,2007 Abstract It is described the composition, function and construction technic of a floating cover system. It is also discussed the necessity and the importance of the floating cover system in a regulating reservoir by taking the regulating reservoir of Shenzhen Xiaping Landfill for example, meanwhile, it is at last concisely introduced the application and prospect of the floating cover technology in China. Keywords refuse landfill, regulating reservoir and floating cover film THE DESIGN OF TREATMENT PROCESS OF MEDICAL WASTESPan Qing 62 Abstract It is designed the treatment process of medical wastes by thermal decomposition double -incineration 3T controland application of new technigue in the system of flue -gas clean, the running result showed that the treatment process can treat medicalwastes effectively, and has the advantages of no secondary pollution and good social, economic and environmental benefits, which is worth popularizing. Keywords AB -incinerator, thermal decomposition, medicalwastes and design of treatment process RESEARCH ON PREPARATION OF IRON CONCENTRATE POWDER FROM PYRITE CINDER Mi Qingliang Huang Xiaoqin QuJiaguo 67 Abstract It is analyzed the current use of pyrite cinder in Chenxi County and made an in -depth discussion on the new technology for the preparation of iron concentrate powder from pyrite cinder. By means of screening and physics -chemistry treatment processes of pyrite cinder. the related norms of iron concentrate powder can meet the quality requirements by iron and steel industry. Keywords pyrite cinder, utilize and research APPLICATION OF HPLC TO COMPETITIVE ABSORPTION OF THE PHENOLS Xin Meihua Li Mingchun Wang Qiong et al 69 Abstract The determination of phenolswas carried out by Rp -HPLCwith UV detection. The effects of the component, concentration, pH and flow rate of the mobile phase on the separation of phendswere studied. The optimal chromatographic conditions for the separation and determination of phenols have been obtained. The experimental results can be used to the detection of competitive absorption of the phenols on the modified chitosan. Keywords high perance liquid chromatography, UV detection, phenolic compounds and absorption DETERMINATIONOFCODCrINLOWCONCENTRATIONWASTEWATERWITH PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETRYGuan Huiling Li Xiaoming Yang Qi et al 72 Abstract This study is focused on the feasibility of utilizing the photoelectric colorimetry to determine the CODCrof low concentration wastewater. The photoelectric colorimentry has better accuracy and precision, it can greatly decrease the dosage of reagent, and the results can be displayed directly without the titration or protracting criterion curve. However, this can t resist the influence of Cl-well. Keywords CODCrmeasurement, photoelectric colorimetry and low concentration wastewater CALCULATION OF RIVER WATER ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPACITY BASED ON TRIANGULAR FUZZY NUMBERLi Ruzhong Gao Sudi 74 Abstract Based on the characteristics of fuzzinessand impreciseness of river water system, and the lack ofwater environmental ination, the parameters of river water environmental system are defined as triangular fuzzy numbers. On the basis, a fuzzy model for calculating river water environmental carrying capacity is established through fuzzifying the parameters in the conventional and certain model. From the model proposed above, the triangular fuzzy values of river water environmental carrying capacity are derived. According to the different required confidnece levelα , the above river water environmental carrying capacity can be transed from triangular fuzzy numbers into interval values. Study results show that the new model is more scientific and reasonable than that of conventional one. Keywords water environmental system, water environmental carrying capacity,triangular fuzzy number, membership function and confidence level DIRECTARSENIC DETERMINATION OFATMOSPHEREPARTICULATES AND DIESEL EXHAUST BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRYLi Shuwen Bai Tingting 78 Abstract The spectrophotometry is introduced for arsenic determination. This can be used for sensitive determination of arsenic in atmosphere particulates. The is practically applied in the arsenic determination in northern area of China. It is proved that the is dependable and accurate. Comparing the resultsby this with those of atomic absorption, a good agreement is found between them. The arsenic determination of diesel exhaust of motor vehicles is also carried out, and a certain amount of arsenic is contained in diesel exhaust. Keywords spectrophotometry , trace arsenic, atmosphere particulates, absorbance and diesel exhaust MODEL OF ASSESSING LAKE AND RESERVOIR EUTROPHICATION BASED ON RBF NETWORKZhang Xiaodan Huang Zhaojun Xu Han et al 80 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 25, No. 2,Apr. ,2007