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1 2 1 1 1-1 2 1747 3 1-2 1. 2 e1.60218924610-19C 4 1-3 3. 1891 electron 1897 J.J.Thomson 77 10310≈ m e 1906 5 1-4 -J.J.Thomson 1898 e510-10 1906-1908 e4.0610-10 R.A.Milliken 1923 6 1-5 R.A.Milliken 4. 1 10-18m 1-6 10-15m 7 1-6 2 3 4 QNe N, 8 1/3e 2/3e l3 1-7 5--- 1931 --- 1929 “” 1932 Anderson e ---ππ 9 1-8 α 10 1-10 α 6 E.Rutherford N.H.D.Bohr 1924 L.V. deBoglie C.J.DavissonL.H.Germer G.P.Thomson 11 1-11 1-12 1. λ λ λ λ 12 2. 1 2 π 0.73e e epn _ 0 1 11 1 0 2 4 2136 222 86138 226 88 HeRnRa 2 _ ee 13 1-13 3 1965 1021 4 87Rb→87Sr 7.910-21 14 1-14 5 37
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