机械化矿山多级机站通风系统优化与应用.pdf

分类号 密 级 U D C 学 号 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 2015 年 1 月 5 日 机械化矿山多级机站通风系统优化与应用机械化矿山多级机站通风系统优化与应用 The optimization and application about multi- level station ventilation system in mechanized mines 学 位 类 别 专业型硕士 作 者 姓 名 赖明照 学 科、专 业 矿业工程 指 导 教 师 王海宁 教授 研 究 方 向 采矿工程 江西理工大学硕士学位论文 独创性声明 学位论文独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据 我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过 的研究成果，也不包含已获得江西理工大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材 料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中做了明确的说明并表示谢 意。 申请学位论文与资料若有不实之处，本人承担一切相关责任。 研究生签名 时间 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本人完全了解江西理工大学关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定即学校有权 保存按要求提交的学位论文印刷本和电子版本，学校有权将将学文论文的全部或者部 分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以 供查阅和借阅；学校有权按有关规定向国家有关部门或者机构送交论文的复印件和电 子版。本人允许本学位论文被查阅和借阅，同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文 的复印件和电子版，并通过网络向社会公众提供信息服务。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书 学位论文作者签名（手写） 导师签名（手写） 签字日期 年 月 日 签字日期 年 月 日 江西理工大学硕士学位论文 摘要 I 摘摘 要要 矿井通风是矿井安全生产的基本保障。随着矿区开采范围扩大和向深部延伸矿山的增 多，采用多级机站通风方式的矿山也愈来愈多。多级机站通风的矿山不仅通风网络复杂， 而且井下的风机数量多，各机站风机的优选成为难题。另外，矿山机械化程度越来越高， 无轨运输方式给巷道型风机机站的设置带来麻烦，常导致多级机站通风系统不完善，造成 通风动力不足、风流反向、风流短路等，直接影响矿井通风效果，危害着矿井的安全生 产。论文针对内蒙古某矿多级机站通风系统存在的各级风机机站设置不合理、各机站风机 不匹配、部分中段副井石门反风、运输巷道中设置的巷道型风机机站效率低、冬季主井结 冰等问题，采用数值模拟、理论分析与应用实践相结合的方法，开展了多级机站通风系统 设计、矿井通风网络优化、硐室型风机机站引射风流、多机并联空气幕对风流增阻的现场 试验研究等。主要研究内容如下 1．建立多级机站通风系统优化模型。通过现场测试、通风网络数据采集与分析，建 立矿井通风网络解算模型。 2．应用矿井通风三维仿真系统进行风机机站设置和风机选型的设计。将多种风机的 特性曲线参数输入计算机，应用矿井通风三维仿真系统软件进行数值模拟，并优化选出最 佳的风机组合及风机机站设置。 3．应用多机并联空气幕引射风流的功能解决运输巷道内难以设置风机机站的问题。 应用多机并联空气幕技术在运输巷道中建立硐室型风机机站，增加中段的进风量和控制运 输巷道风流反向，完善多级机站通风系统。 4．应用多机并联空气幕对风流增阻的功能在主井石门安装增阻型矿用空气幕，减少 主井的进风量，防止冬季主井结冰。 研究的结果表明矿井通风三维仿真系统能够快速、准确地完成风机机站设置和风机 选型的设计，为多级机站通风系统设计提供了一条新的途径；硐室型风机机站能替代巷道 型风机机站，有效地解决了运输巷道内设置风机机站的技术难题；多机并联空气幕对风流 增阻效果显著，能减少主井进风量，防止了冬季主井结冰。不仅完善了多级机站通风系 统，有效改善井下作业环境，而且确保了矿井安全稳定持续生产。 关键词机械化；多级机站；优化；硐室型风机机站；井筒结冰 Abstract II Abstract Mine Ventilation is the basic guarantee of mine safety. With the scope of mining and the mines extending to deep increased, the mines using of multi-level stations ventilation are also increasing. Ventilation network of Multi-level stations ventilated mine is complicated, and the number of underground fans are larger , so the optimization of each fans becomes a problem. In addition, more and more mechanization mines of high degree, trackless transport mode brings trouble to the setting of tunnel-type fan machine stations. And it often leads that the multi-level stations ventilation system is imperfect, resulting in ventilation underpowered, insufficient ventilation, opposite direction airflow, airflow short circuit, etc., then directly affect the mine ventilation, and the mines’ production is not safety. The paper aimed at the problems of multi-level station ventilation system a mine in Inner Mongolia that the setting of fans stations at all levels is not reasonable , each machine stand fan does not match, Shimen auxiliary shaft in the middle part of the anti-wind, low tunnel-type blower stations efficiency of the transport tunnel settings, winter freezes of main shaft ,and so on. Numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and application of the of combining the practice carried out the design of multi-level stations ventilation systems, mine ventilation network optimization, cavern type fan ventilator station ejector airflow, multi- parallel air curtain for increased airflow resistance spot experimental research. The main contents are as follows 1. By field testing, ventilation network data collection and analysis, mine ventilation network solution models, the author establishes an optimization model of multi-level stations ventilation system. 2. Application of mine ventilation three-dimensional simulation system fan and fan selection stations set design. The characteristic parameters of various fan into the computer, the application of mine ventilation three-dimensional simulation system software to simulate and optimize select the best combination of fan and blower stations set up. 3. Application of multi-parallel air curtain function ejector airflow solve difficult to set stations within a transport tunnel fan questions. Application of multi-parallel air curtain technology to build cavern type fan ventilator station in transportation roadway, increasing the amount of wind in the middle of the roadway and control of transportation Merry reverse, improve the multi-level stations ventilation system. Abstract III 4. Application of multi-parallel air curtain for increased airflow resistance by blocking the function of the installation in the transportation roadway. Air curtain reduction in the amount of the main shaft wind and prevent main shaft in winter icing. Results of the study showed that a mine ventilation three-dimensional simulation system can quickly complete fan and fan selection of stations set design accurately, providing a new way for multi-level stations ventilation system design; cavern type fan ventilator station can substitute roadway type blower station, effectively solve the set within a transport tunnel fans stations of technical problems; multi-parallel air curtain effect on airflow resistance increases significantly reduce main shaft into the wind, preventing main shaft in winter icing. Not only improved the multi-level stations ventilation system, effectively improve the underground working environment, but also to ensure the security and stability of the mine continued production. Key Word mechanized；multi-level stations；optimization ；cavern type fan ventilator station；wellbore icing 江西理工大学硕士学位论文 目录 I 目目 录录 摘 要...........................................................................................................................................I Abstract...........................................................................................................................................II 第一章 绪 论.................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义..............................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义................................................................................................................2 1.2 国内外多级机站通风系统研究进展.............................................................................3 1.2.1 国外研究进展.......................................................................................................3 1.2.2 国内研究进展.......................................................................................................4 1.3 主要研究内容及技术路线..............................................................................................6 1.3.1 主要研究内容.......................................................................................................6 1.3.2 技术路线................................................................................................................7 第二章 矿井通风技术..................................................................................................................8 2.1 矿井通风系统优化分析软件.........................................................................................8 2.1.1 矿井通风三维仿真系统.......................................................................................8 2.1.2 风网解算模型.......................................................................................................9 2.1.3 通风网络解算功能实现.....................................................................................13 2.2 矿井通风网络优化........................................................................................................14 2.3 矿井风流调控技术........................................................................................................15 2.3.1 传统风流调控技术.............................................................................................15 2.3.2 矿用空气幕风流调控技术.................................................................................17 2.4 本章小结........................................................................................................................18 第三章 多级机站通风系统优化应用基础研究.......................................................................19 3.1 通风系统优化的基础数据...........................................................................................19 3.1.1 基础数据采集方法.............................................................................................19 3.1.2 基础数据采集结果.............................................................................................24 江西理工大学硕士学位论文 目录 II 3.2 基础数据分析................................................................................................................29 3.2.1 通风网络分析.....................................................................................................29 3.2.2 作业环境空气质量分析.....................................................................................30 3.2.3 通风动力分析.....................................................................................................31 3.2.4 自然风压的作用分析.........................................................................................32 3.3 通风系统优化模型........................................................................................................33 3.3.1 中段平面图的优化处理.....................................................................................33 3.3.2 矿井通风网络图的绘制......................................................................................34 3.3.3 通风网络的数值化.............................................................................................35 3.4 通风系统模拟................................................................................................................37 3.4.1 仿真数据库的建立.............................................................................................37 3.4.2 可靠性验证..........................................................................................................38 3.5 本章小结........................................................................................................................40 第四章 多级机站通风系统优化与应用...................................................................................41 4.1 应用研究背景................................................................................................................41 4.1.1 基本条件..............................................................................................................41 4.1.2 通风系统评价.....................................................................................................41 4.1.3 通风系统存在的问题分析.................................................................................42 4.2 矿井需风量计算............................................................................................................46 4.2.1 需风量计算..........................................................................................................46 4.2.2 风量分配..............................................................................................................46 4.3 通风系统方案设计........................................................................................................47 4.3.1 技术方案..............................................................................................................48 4.3.2 数值模拟及效果比较.........................................................................................53 4.3.3 技术分析..............................................................................................................55 4.3.4 经济分析..............................................................................................................56 4.3.5 通风系统方案确定.............................................................................................58 4.4 应用研究........................................................................................................................58 4.5 本章小结........................................................................................................................59 第五章 矿用空气幕控制冬季主井结冰危害研究...................................................................60 江西理工大学硕士学位论文 目录 III 5.1 冬季主井结冰危害分析...............................................................................................60 5.2 冬季主井结冰危害控制方法.......................................................................................61 5.2.1 传统方法..............................................................................................................61 5.2.2 矿用空气幕控制方法.........................................................................................62 5.3 现场应用及分析............................................................................................................63 5.3.1 现场试验..............................................................................................................63 5.3.2 结果分析..............................................................................................................64 5.4 本章小结........................................................................................................................65 第六章 结论与展望....................................................................................................................66 6.1 结论.................................................................................................................................66 6.2 展望.................................................................................................................................67 参 考 文 献.................................................................................................................................68 附 录.............................................................................................................................................71 附录 A 网络解算基础数据前处理....................................................................................71 附录 B 技术方案一网络解算结果....................................................................................73 附录 C 技术方案图.............................................................................................................75 致 谢............................................................................................................................................76 攻读学位期间的研究成果..................................................................................................77 第一章 绪 论 1 第一章第一章 绪绪 论论 经过多年的研究与实践，多级机站通风理论和技术取得了较大的发展[1]，且随着矿区 开采范围扩大和向深部延伸矿山的增多，采用多级机站通风方式的矿山也愈来愈多。通过 对多个金属矿山的多级机站通风系统调研发现，大多矿山的多级机站通风系统未能很好地 适应生产条件复杂、机械化程度高的条件，导致矿井通风过程中仍存在一些难以解决的问 题，如风机不匹配和机站难以设置、破坏等，直接影响着矿井的通风效果。因此，开展多 级机站通风系统优化研究，改善通风效果，显得十分紧迫与重要，且为推动多级机站通风 系统的发展与运用具有实际意义。 1 1.1 1 研究背景与意义研究背景与意义 1.1.1 研究背景研究背景 在采矿技术和理论不断完善的条件下，矿产开采得到了迅速地发展，促使矿区开采范 围扩大和向深部延伸[2]。同时，随着采矿设备的不断改进，采用无轨运