采煤工作面分区域冷负荷计算及喷雾降温技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 采煤工作面分区域冷负荷计算及 喷雾降温技术研究 A Study on Regional Cooling Load Calculation and Spray Cooling Technique of Coal Mining Working Face 作 者杨胜 导 师黄 炜 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年六月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD727 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 采煤工作面分区域冷负荷计算 及喷雾降温技术研究 A Study on Regional Cooling Load Calculation and Spray Cooling Technique of Coal Mining Working Face 作 者 杨胜 导 师 黄炜 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 力学与土木工程学院 学科专业 供热供燃气通风及空调工程 研究方向 矿井降温 答辩委员会主席 吴学慧 评 阅 人 祝健 张红英 二○一七年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的 学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文 的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可 以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学 校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园 网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生 学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 论文是在我的导师黄炜教授的亲切关怀和悉心指导下完成的。从前期的课题选择 到最终的论文撰写，黄老师都始终给予我耐心细致的指导和不懈的支持，为论文的进 行指明了正确的分析方法和科学的研究途径，使得我的硕士论文能够顺利完成。导师 严谨的治学态度、渊博的学识、谦和质朴无私的高尚品德和精益求精的工作作风，一 直深深地感染和激励着我。 在此谨向我的导师黄炜教授致以诚挚的谢意和深深的敬意。 特别感谢刘冠男老师在软件方面的指导，感谢张红英老师、张建功老师学科竞赛 方面的耐心指导，谨向各位老师表示最忠心的感谢和最诚挚的祝福。 感谢同学代明明、孙晓鹏、李丹阳、周游等，师弟曹枭雄、高牥杰，室友张开仲 博士、刘统博士在论文写作过程中给予的帮助和鼓励，在课余生活中感谢兄弟们对我 的理解与无私的支持。 最后深深感谢我的家人，感谢他们在我求学道路上的支持和鼓励，感谢他们在生 活上对我无微不至的关心和照顾。 衷心感谢各位专家、教授和学者对本论文的审阅 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 按照可再生能源发展的情况预测，在低碳和强化低碳情景下，煤炭消费比重 虽有所下降，但未来几十年内仍然在我国能源结构中占据重要地位。目前，煤矿 的开采深度在不断增加，热害矿井数量也在不断增多，热害将制约煤炭行业的发 展。 在高温矿井热害治理中，采煤工作面降温冷负荷的确定是高温矿井热害治理 的基础，决定了高温矿井降温效果，合理准确的计算矿井采煤工作面冷负荷以及 探讨有效地矿井降温技术是热害治理的关键因素。 目前，矿井冷负荷的计算方法，都未能达到较为准确地计算采煤工作面实际 冷负荷，很难满足井下降温需要，计算结果小于实际值。而且矿井降温一般均采 用冷却风流降温，则存在空气载冷量不足等问题。本文围绕采煤工作面围岩的传 热特性，以流体热力学、传热传质理论以及 CFD 数值模拟等手段，研究矿井冷 负荷计算理论、采煤工作面非线性风温预测理论，建立了采煤工作面的分区域冷 负荷计算法，并对采煤工作面喷雾降温技术进行探讨。论文研究的主要内容 （1）分析井下风流与围岩煤壁的热湿交换特性，并结合常用的线性风温预 测方法，对矿井冷负荷的计算方法进行研究，分析矿井热害治理效果不佳的影响 因素。研究得出采用风流温度均值化、线性化计算的围岩传热量小于采用非线性 风温变化计算的结果， 而且在目前所采用的冷负荷计算方法中冷负荷计算值均小 于矿井采煤工作面的实际冷负荷。 （2）分析由非线性风温计算公式预测采煤工作面风温值，研究建立将风流 温度小于 30℃的长度范围x作为降温的有效区域，对采煤工作面分区域划分， 建立分区域计算采煤工作面冷负荷的方法， 计算矿井冷负荷及冷风最大载冷能力， 分析采煤工作面风流入口风温、围岩温度、风流速度对采煤工作面分区域冷负荷 的影响，分析得到 ①目前采用的冷负荷计算法得到的冷负荷远小于分区域冷负荷计算值， 其主 要原因是围岩传热量采用的计算方法不同。另外， 矿井降温采用冷风流的最大载 冷量小于矿井降温实际冷负荷值，在热害较严重的矿井，冷风载冷量仅能满足采 煤工作面入口的局部区域，为有效降温区域。 ②冷风流在采煤工作面入口的风温在 19℃～25℃时，采煤工作面冷负荷基 本不变，即冷风入口风温对高温矿井冷负荷影响较小； ③对于围岩温度不同的矿井，围岩温度越高，采煤工作面冷负荷越大，其有 效降温区域的长度与围岩壁温呈线性减小的关系； 万方数据 II ④在相同壁温的矿井，采煤工作面冷负荷随风速的增加而增加，且近似呈线 性关系， 降温区域长度和风速呈线性增加的关系； 壁温增加、 风速增加的情况下， 有效降温区域长度增加幅度减小。 （3）在数值模拟分析中，采用较低的流动雷诺数分析矿井围岩与风流近壁面 换热特性，进行湍流流动近壁面的模型处理， 进行数值模拟计算采煤工作面区域 冷负荷，并与理论计算的采煤工作面分区域冷负荷进行对比分析，得到 ①数值模拟和理论计算结果稍有差别，但整体结果较为贴合； ②在采煤工作面入口后的一段距离内， 围岩传热对冷风流核心区域温度影响 较小，符合实际热交换热情况，模拟分析得到入口区域冷风流温度场与理论计 算的差别。 （4）研究采煤工作面降温技术，当采用冷却风流降温时，由于煤矿安全 规程对风流风速和风温的要求，使矿井风流载冷量受到限制，只能解决一段区 域内的降温要求，因此本课题研究提出分区域降温的思路利用喷水雾化供冷， 分区域供给采煤工作面风流冷量的降温技术，并对喷雾降温技术进行设计研究， 探讨喷雾降温技术的特性及应用。 该论文有图 33 幅，表 19 个，参考文献 138 篇。 关键词关键词采煤工作面；热害；区域冷负荷计算；喷雾降温 万方数据 III Abstract In accordance with the development of renewable energy predicts, and in the context of low carbon and enhanced low-carbon, the share of coal consumption has declined, but it is still important in Chinas energy structure for the coming decades. At present, the mining depth of coal mine is increasing, the number of thermal damage is also increasing, and the heat damage is restricting the development of the coal industry. High temperature mine heat damage management bases on the cooling load determination of high temperature coalface, and also determines the effect of thermal pollution governance. Reasonable and accurate calculation of the coalface cooling load and effective discussions of mine cooling technique is a key factor in the management of heat damage. At present, all the mine cooling load calculation s fail to calculate the actual cooling load of coalface,and the calculation results are less than the actual value.The cooling of cold air in the mine also exists problems of insufficient cooling loads,and it is difficult to meet the underground cooling needs.This paper focuses on the heat transfer characteristics of surrounding rocks in coal mining face,and studies the theory of cold load calculation and the nonlinear wind temperature prediction in terms of fluid thermodynamics, heat transfer theory and CFD numerical simulation. This paper also establishes a regional cooling load calculation of coalface including the discussions of the spray cooling technology.The main achievements and innovations of the paper are as follows 1This paper has analyzed the currently existing four kinds of cooling load calculation s,which based on wind heat exchange mechanism of the surrounding rock and the commonly used linear wind temperature forecasting ula and the phenomenon of the poor management of mine heat damage.Heat transfer of surrounding rock is the main part of the cooling load of the mine, and through analysis,the Calculation results of the surrounding rock heat transfer with the condition of mean and linearized wind temperature is far less than the results with the non-linear wind temperature. 2The nonlinear wind temperature ula is used to predict coalface wind temperature,and the length range of wind temperature below 30 ℃ is considered as a valid area for cooling. Using the idea, this paper establishes a regional cooling load calculation through dividing the cooling area of the coalface. Regional 万方数据 IV cooling load calculation is used to calculate mine cooling load, the maximum wind cold loads, and has analyzed the influences on the cooling load of the coalface with the condition of variable inlet air temperature, surrounding rock temperature, ventilation velocity, and received ①The coalface cooling load calculation results of the conventional calculation is far less than that of regional cooling load calculation ,and the different heat transfer calculation results of the surrounding rocks is the main reason of different cooling load with different load calculation . The maximum wind cooling loads is less than the real cooling load of coalface.In the mines where have heavy heat damage,cold air cooling can only satisfy the inlet area for the effective cooling section. ②The cooling load on the coal face is basically the same, when the wind temperature ranges from 19 ℃ to 25 ℃, the cold wind inlet temperature have small influences on the coalface cooling load. ③In terms of changing the temperature of the surrounding rocks, the coalface cooling load increases, when the temperature of the surrounding rocks increases.The relationship between the length of the cooling zone and the temperature of the surrounding rock is linearly decreasing. ④Under the condition of the same wall temperature, the cooling load of different coalface increases with the increase of wind speed. And its almost linear, the relationship between the length of the cooling zone and the wind speed is linearly increasing.Wall temperature and wind speed increase, the length of the zone decrease in amplitude. Comprehensive analysis, under the condition of cooling air could achieve the cooling effect. The lower cooling wind speed should be adopted in different roadways, and the initial investment and the operating cost of refrigeration equipment can be reduced. 3Under low Reynolds number conditions,the near wall treatment of turbulent flow bases on the heat transfer characteristics of the rock and the wind.Numerical simulation is carried out according to the regional cooling load calculation in coal mining face area.The analysis of the theoretical calculation is obtained ①Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation are slightly different, but the overall results are more consistent. ②In a short distance from the entrance,the heat effect of the surrounding rocks is small in the core area of the cold air, and the heat exchange heat is in line with the 万方数据 V actual heat exchange.Through analysis, we can get the inlet temperature field which have calculated by Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation. 4In general, cold airis adopted to reduce the temperaturethe of coalface.Air cooling load is limited,only solve the cooling requirements in a regional area,according to the idea of cooling in the area, the cooling solution is provided for the cooling quantity of air by water spray. Preliminary design and summary of the spray cooling scheme were carried out while analyzing the pros and cons of technology, the cooling system system is simple and reliable. The paper has 33 pictures, 19 tables, 138 references. Keywords coal mining face; thermal pollution; calculation of regional cooling load; spray cooling 万方数据 VI 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ VI 图清单图清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIV 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景与课题的提出.......................................................................................... 1 1.2 矿井降温的研究现状与进展.................................................................................. 3 1.3 本课题研究内容.................................................................................................... 10 1.4 课题研究技术路线图............................................................................................ 11 1.5 本章小结................................................................................................................ 12 2 矿井降温冷负荷计算理论研究矿井降温冷负荷计算理论研究 ............................................................................. 13 2.1 矿井围岩与风流不稳定传热分析........................................................................ 13 2.2 风流与巷道潮湿围岩的热湿交换分析................................................................ 16 2.3 风温预测关系式分析............................................................................................ 18 2.4 采煤工作面冷负荷计算法分析............................................................................ 22 2.5 冷负荷计算准确性分析........................................................................................ 33 2.6 本章小结................................................................................................................ 37 3 采煤工作面分区域冷负荷计算法的建立采煤工作面分区域冷负荷计算法的建立 .............................................................. 39 3.1 建立分区域冷负荷计算体系................................................................................ 39 3.2 分区域冷负荷的计算............................................................................................ 41 3.3 入口风温对冷负荷的影响.................................................................................... 42 3.4 不同煤壁温度的负荷变化分析............................................................................ 44 3.5 不同风速的冷负荷分析........................................................................................ 45 3.6 本章小结................................................................................................................ 49 4 分区域冷负荷计算法数值模拟分区域冷负荷计算法数值模拟 .............................................................................. 50 4.1 湍流模型的选择.................................................................................................... 50 4.2 数值计算模型的建立............................................................................................ 53 4.3 CFD 模拟 ............................................................................................................... 55 4.4 本章小结................................................................................................................ 59 万方数据 VII 5 采煤工作面降温技术研究采煤工作面降温技术研究 ...................................................................................... 61 5.1 采煤工作面降温技术分析.................................................................................... 61 5.2 采煤工作面分区域喷雾降温研究........................................................................ 63 5.3 雾化喷嘴的选择.................................................................................................... 66 5.4 雾化降温系统设计研究........................................................................................ 68 5.5 喷雾降温技术特性分析........................................................................................ 73 5.5 本章小结................................................................................................................ 74 6 主要结论与展望主要结论与展望 ...................................................................................................... 75 6.1 主要结论................................................................................................................ 75 6.2 展望........................................................................................................................ 76 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 77 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 85 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 86 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 87 万方数据 VIII Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................... III Contents .................................................................................................................. VIII List of Figures .............................................................................................................. X List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XII List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background And Proposing of The Article .............................................. 1 1.2 Research Status And Progress of The Mine Cooling