ASME B31.1-2012 Power Piping (动力管道).pdf

Power Piping ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 ASME B31.1-2012ASME A N AMERI CA N NATI ON A L STA N DA R D ASME B31.1-2012ASME B31.1-2012 Revision of ASME B31.1-2010 A05812 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS ASME B31.1-2012 Revision of ASME B31.1-2010 Power Piping ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USA Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Date of Issuance June 29, 2012 The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2014. This Code will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Interpretations, Code Cases, and errata are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pagesathttp//cstools.asme.org/astheyareissued.InterpretationsandCodeCasesarealsoincluded with each edition. Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted. The Committee Pages can be found at http//cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. ThisoptioncanbefoundontheappropriateCommitteePageafterselecting“Errata”inthe“Publication Ination” section. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available forpublic review andcomment thatprovides an opportunityfor additional public from industry,academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representatives or persons affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any , in an electronic retri system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright 2012 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv Chapter IScope and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 100General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Chapter IIDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Part 1Conditions and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 101Design Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 102Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Part 2Pressure Design of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 103Criteria for Pressure Design of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 104Pressure Design of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Part 3Selection and Limitations of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 105Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 106Fittings, Bends, and Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 107Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 108Pipe Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, Gaskets, and Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Part 4Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 110Piping Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 111Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 112Flanged Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 113Expanded or Rolled Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 114Threaded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 115Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints, and Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 116Bell End Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 117Brazed and Soldered Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 118Sleeve Coupled and Other Proprietary Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Part 5Expansion, Flexibility, and Pipe Supporting Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 119Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 120Loads on Pipe Supporting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 121Design of Pipe Supporting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Part 6Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 122Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Chapter IIIMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 123General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 124Limitations on Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 125Materials Applied to Miscellaneous Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Chapter IVDimensional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 126Material Specifications and Standards for Standard and Nonstandard Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Chapter VFabrication, Assembly, and Erection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 127Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 128Brazing and Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 129Bending and ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 130Requirements for Fabricating and Attaching Pipe Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 131Welding Preheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 iii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 132Postweld Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 133Stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 135Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Chapter VIInspection, Examination, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 136Inspection and Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 137Pressure Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Chapter VIIOperation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 138General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 139Operation and Maintenance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 140Condition Assessment of CPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 141CPS Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 144CPS Walkdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 145Material Degradation Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Figures 100.1.2A.1Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping An Example of Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 100.1.2A.2Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 100.1.2BCode Jurisdictional Limits for Piping Drum-Type Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . .4 100.1.2CCode Jurisdictional Limits for Piping Spray-Type Desuperheater . . . . .5 102.4.5Nomenclature for Pipe Bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 104.3.1DReinforcement of Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 104.3.1GReinforced Extruded Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 104.5.3Types of Permanent Blanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 104.8.4Cross Section Resultant Moment Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 122.1.7CTypical Globe Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 122.4Desuperheater Schematic Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 127.3Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment . . . . . . .79 127.4.2Welding End Transition Maximum Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 127.4.4AFillet Weld Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 127.4.4BWelding Details for Slip-On and Socket-Welding Flanges; Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 127.4.4CMinimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 127.4.8ATypical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 127.4.8BTypical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement . . . . .84 127.4.8CTypical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 127.4.8DSome Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details Showing Minimum Acceptable Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 127.4.8ESome Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings . . . . . . .86 127.4.8FTypical Full Penetration Weld Branch Connections for NPS 3 and Smaller Half Couplings or Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 127.4.8GTypical Partial Penetration Weld Branch Connection for NPS 2 and Smaller Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 135.5.3Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Tables 102.4.3Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 102.4.5Bend Thinning Allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 1