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Standard Test for Determining Stress Intensification Factors i-Factors for Metallic Piping Components ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 AN AMERICAN NATIO NAL STANDARD ASME B31J-2008 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- ASME B31J-2008 Standard Test for Determining Stress Intensification Factors i-Factors for Metallic Piping Components ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- Date of Issuance May 30, 2008 This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda issued to this edition. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http//cstools.asme.org as they are issued and will also be published within the next edition of this Standard. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available forpublic review andcomment thatprovides an opportunityfor additional public from industry,academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. 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No part of this document may be reproduced in any , in an electronic retri system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright 2008 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Correspondence With the B31 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii 1General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 3Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4Stress Intensification Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 5Variations in Materials and Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 6Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Figures 3.1Representative Test Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3.3Displacement, D, and Force, F, Recorded During Loading and Unloading of a Test Specimen, in Both Positive and Negative Directions, With Linear Displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Table 4.4Stress Intensification Increase Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Nonmandatory Appendix ACommentary on B31J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 iii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- FOREWORD In 1990, the B31 Code for Pressure Piping, Technical Committee on Mechanical Design MDC, determinedthattherewasaneedtodevelopastandardtesttodeterminestressintensifica- tion factors SIFs or i-factors for piping components and joints. At the time, the B31 Code books provided SIFs for various standard piping components and joints, but did not provide guidance on how to establish SIFs for nonstandard piping components or joints. This Standard is intended to provide a uni approach to the development of SIFs for standard, nonstandard, and proprietary piping components and joints of all types. In its develop- ment, this Standard has been reviewed by individuals and committees of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, B31, and B16. Comments resulting from the review have been considered and responded to, with revisions made to the Standard as appropriate. Under direction of ASME Codes and Standards, both U.S. Customary and SI units are provided. This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on April 18, 2008. iv Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- ASME B31 COMMITTEE Code for Pressure Piping The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard. COMMITTEE OFFICERS M. L. Nayyar, Chair K. C. Bodenhamer, Vice Chair N. Lobo, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL H. A. Ainsworth, Consultant R. J. T. Appleby, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co. C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co. A. E. Beyer, Fluor Daniel K. C. Bodenhamer, Enterprise Products Co. J. S. Chin, TransCanada Pipeline US D. L. Coym, Worley Parsons J. A. Drake, Spectra Energy Transmission D. M. Fox, Atmos Energy J. W. Frey, Stress Engineering Service, Inc. D. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co. R. A. Grichuk, Fluor Corp. L. E. Hayden, Jr., Consultant G. A. Jolly, Vogt Valves Flowserve Corp. W. J. Koves, UOP LLC N. Lobo, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers B31 MECHANICAL DESIGN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE W. J. Koves, Chair, UOP LLC G. A. Antaki, Vice Chair, Becht Nuclear Services T. Lazar, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co. J. P. Breen, Becht Engineering Co. J. P. Ellenberger, Consultant D. J. Fetzner, BP Exploration Alaska, Inc. J. A. Graziano, Tennessee Valley Authority J. D. Hart, SSD, Inc. R. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc. B. P. Holbrook, Babcock Power, Inc. v R. P. Merrill, Evapco, Inc. J. E. Meyer, Louis Perry however, they should not contain proprietary names or ination. Requests that are not in this at will be rewritten in this at by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional ination that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Attending Committee Meetings. TheB31StandardsCommitteeregularlyholdsmeetings,which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the B31 Standards Committee. vi Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- w w w . b z f x w . c o m INTRODUCTION TheASMEB31CodeforPressurePipingconsistsofanumberofindividuallypublishedSections and Standards, each an American National Standard, under the direction of the ASME Committee B31, Code for Pressure Piping. Rules for each Standard provide standardized guidance for a specific task found in one or more B31 Section publications, as follows a B31G, Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines, provides a simplified procedure to deter- mine the effect of wall loss due to corrosion or corrosion-like defects on pressure integrity in pipeline systems. b B31J, Standard Test for Determining Stress Intensification Factors i-Factors for Metallic Piping Components, provides a standardized to develop the stress intensification factors used in B31 piping analysis. This is B31J, Standard Test for Determining Stress Intensification Factors i-Factors etallicPipingComponents.Hereafter,inthisIntroductionandinthetextofthisB31Standard, where the word “Standard” is used without specific identification, it means this B31 Standard. It is expected that this Standard will be incorporated by reference into the appropriate Sections of B31. This Standard sets forth an engineering procedure deemed appropriate for the safe determina- tion of the fatigue capacity of a piping component or joint in most services, relative to a standard butt-welded joint. However, the procedure cannot possibly foresee all geometries and services possible,andtheuseofcompetentengineeringjudgmentmaybenecessarytoextendtheprocedure to cover unusual geometries and service conditions or to ensure a safe testing environment. vii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- w w w . b z f x w . c o m viii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME LicenseeFMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 011010 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK w w w . b z f x w . c o m ASME B31J-2008 STANDARD TEST FOR DETERMINING STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS i-FACTORS FOR METALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS 1GENERAL The ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Nuclear Components, Subsections NC and ND piping rules require the use of stress intensification factors i-factors or SIFs when checking the adequacy of com- ponents and joints welded and nonwelded in piping subject to loadings, including those cyclic loadings that may produce fatigue failures. As used herein, where the word “Code” is used without specific identification, it meanstheCodeorStandardwhichincorporatesorrefer- ences this Standard. The piping Codes provide stress intensification factors for the most common piping com- ponents and joints. This Standard presents an experi- mental to determine SIFs. 2DEFINITIONS piping components mechanical elements suitable for join- ing or assembly into pressure-tight, fluid-containing piping systems. Components include pipe, tubing, fit- tings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves, and devices such as expansion joints, flexible joints, pressure hoses, traps, strainers,in-lineportionsofinstruments,andseparators. stress intensification factor a fatigue strength reduction factor that is the ratio of the elastically predicted stress producing fatigue failure in a given number of cycles inabuttweldonastraightpipetothatproducingfatigue failure in the same number of cycles in the component or joint under consideration. 3TEST PROCEDURE 3.1 Test Equipment A schematic of a test arrangement is given in Fig. 3.1. a The machine framework must be sufficiently stiff to prevent significant rotation at the fixed end of the assembly. A significant rotation is one readily visible to the observer. b The pipe component shall be mounted close to the fixed end of the test assembly, but no closer than two pipe diameters. c The test rig shall be capable of applying a fully reversed displacement at the free end without binding 1 in the two orthogonal directions. That is, the free end shall not bind the assembly in a direction out of the plane of testing. d The test equipment shall be calibrated to read dis- placements with an accuracy of 1 of the imposed dis- placement amplitude. e The piping attached directly to the tested compo- nent should be a similar schedule to the tested com- ponent. 3.2 Test Specimen The test specimen may be lower strength carbon steel, such as ASTM A 106 Grade B pipe or ASTM A 234 Grade WPB fittings, and equivalent plates and forgings, corresponding tothe “UTS 80ksi” curvein Fig.5-110.1 of Appendix 5 of Section VIII, Division 2 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. For other materials, the material constant, C, shall be modified as described in para. 5.1. The fabrication, welding, and examinations of
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