ASME B31.8-2010 气体输送和分配管道系统.pdf

AN AMERICAN NATIO NAL STANDARD ASME B31.8-2010 Revision of ASME B31.8-2007 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- w w w . b z f x w . c o m ASME B31.8-2010 Revision of ASME B31.8-2007 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- w w w . b z f x w . c o m Date of Issuance June 1, 2010 The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2012. There will be no addenda issued to this edition. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. The interpretations will be included with this edition. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http//cstools.asme.org as they are issued. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representatives or persons affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any , in an electronic retri system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright 2010 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- w w w . b z f x w . c o m CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv General Provisions and Definitions 801General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 802Scope and Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 803Piping Systems Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 804Piping Systems Component Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 805Design, Fabrication, Operation, and Testing Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 806Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Chapter IMaterials and Equipment 810Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 811Qualification of Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 812Materials for Use in Low Temperature Applications . . . . . .14 813Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 814Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 815Equipment Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 816Transportation of Line Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 817Conditions for the Reuse of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Table 817.1.3-1Tensile Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Chapter IIWelding 820Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 821General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 822Preparation for Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 823Qualification of Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 824Preheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 825Stress Relieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 826Weld Inspection Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 827Repair or Removal of Defective Welds in Piping Intended to Operate at Hoop Stress Levels of 20 or More of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Chapter IIIPiping System Components and Fabrication Details 830Piping System Components and Fabrication Details . . . . . .22 831Piping System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 832Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 833Design for Longitudinal Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 834Supports and Anchorage for Exposed Piping . . . . . . . . . . . .32 835Anchorage for Buried Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Tables 831.4.2-1Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections, Special Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 832.2-1Thermal Expansion or Contraction of Piping Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 iii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- w w w . b z f x w . c o m 832.5-1Modulus of Elasticity for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Chapter IVDesign, Installation, and Testing 840Design, Installation, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 841Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 842Other Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 843Compressor Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 844Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 845Control and Limiting of Gas Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 846Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 847Vaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 848Customers’ Meters and Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 849Gas Service Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Tables 841.1.6-1Basic Design Factor, F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 841.1.6-2Design Factors for Steel Pipe Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 841.1.7-1Longitudinal Joint Factor, E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 841.1.8-1Temperature Derating Factor, T, for Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . .40 841.1.11-1Pipeline Cover Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 841.2.3-1Pipeline Field Cold Bend Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 841.3.2-1Test Requirements for Steel Pipelines and Mains to Operate at Hoop Stresses of 30 or More of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength of the Pipe . . . . . . . . .47 841.3.3-1Maximum Hoop Stress Permissible During an Air or Gas Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 842.1.1-1Standard Thickness Selection Table for Ductile Iron Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 842.2.2-1Wall Thickness and Standard Dimension Ratio for Thermoplastic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 842.2.3-1Diameter and Wall Thickness for Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 842.2.9-1Nominal Values for Coefficients of Thermal Expansion of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 844.3-1Design Factors, F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 844.3-2Minimum Clearance Between Containers and Fenced Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 845.2.2-1Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure for Steel or Plastic Pipelines or Mains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 845.2.3-1Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure for Pipelines Operating at 100 psig 690 kPa or More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 845.2.3-2Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure for Pipelines Operating at Less Than 100 psig 690 kPa . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Chapter VOperating and Maintenance Procedures 850Operating and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety of Gas Transmission and Distribution Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 851Pipeline Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 852Distribution Piping Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 853Miscellaneous Facilities Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 854Location Class and Changes in Number of Buildings Intended for Human Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 855Pipeline Service Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 856Odorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 857Uprating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 iv Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,,,,--,,,,,,,--- Figure 851.4.1-1Allowable Ripple Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Table 851.4.4-1Wall Thickness for Unlikely Occurrence of Burn- Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 854.1-1Location Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 857.4-1Wall Thickness Allowance for Uprating a Ductile Iron High-Pressure Main or System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Chapter VICorrosion Control 860Corrosion Control General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 861External Corrosion Control for Steel Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . .91 862Cathodic Protection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 863Operation and Maintenance of Cathodic Protection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 864Internal Corrosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 865Steel Pipelines in Arctic Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 866Steel Pipelines in High-Temperature Service . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 867Stress Corrosion and Other Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 868Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Ductile Iron, and Other Metallic Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Chapter VIIIntentionally Left Blank Chapter VIIIOffshore Gas Transmission A800Offshore Gas Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 A801General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 A802Scope and Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 A803Offshore Gas Transmission Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . .98 A811Qualification of Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 A814Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 A817Conditions for the Reuse and Requalification of Pipe . . . .100 A820Welding Offshore Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 A821General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 A823Qualification of Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 A825Stress Relieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 A826Inspection of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 A830Piping System Components and Fabrication Details . . . . . .101 A831Piping System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 A832Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .