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A O 2 工艺处理焦化废水 * 周 鑫 李亚新 太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 山西 030024 贾东杰 临汾同世达实业有限公司, 山西 临汾 041000 摘要 介绍了焦化废水 A O2生物处理工艺的流程和开工调试中污泥培养驯化的方法, 并讨论了影响硝化和反硝化工 艺的因素及实际运行中控制的参数。 关键词 焦化废水 A O2工艺 硝化反硝化 *山西省科技攻关项目 2006031104 -02 0 引言 焦化废水是一种含有大量有毒有害物质 、 较难降 解的高浓度氨氮废水。临汾 公司焦化废水处理 站采用A O 2 缺氧 好氧 好氧 工艺处理焦化废水 ,出 水主要污染物基本达到了污水综合排放标准 GB897896 中的二级排放标准。 1 水质与工艺流程 1. 1 焦化废水的来源、 水量及水质 临汾 公司焦化废水主要包括蒸氨废水、 煤焦 废水 、 洗脱苯废水及化验废水和生活废水。其中蒸氨 废水来自冷鼓电捕工艺, 煤焦废水来自熄焦工艺, 洗 脱苯废水来自洗脱苯工艺, 生活、化验废水来自厂区 各个生活用水点及化验室 。污水处理站设计水量为 57 m 3 h, 其中生产工艺废水40 m3 h , 生化阶段加入 17 m 3 h的新鲜稀释水。废水水量及水质参见表 1。 表 1 废水水量及水质表 项目 CODCrNH3-N 酚类CN- mgL- 1 水量 m3h- 1 蒸氨废水2 000~ 4 000 200~ 300600~ 1 0008 ~ 2018 煤焦废水800 ~ 1 50050~ 100150 ~ 3508 ~ 205. 3 洗脱苯废水1 600~ 2 00080~ 20300 ~ 600100~ 3502. 5 生活和化验水40020~ 804 . 33 1. 2 工艺流程 废水处理工艺由预处理、生物处理和污泥处理等 部分组成 。工艺流程见图 1。 图 1 工艺流程示意图 1. 2. 1 预处理 无压生活污水经隔栅自流至隔油沉淀池 ,有压蒸 氨废水直接进入隔油沉淀池 ,去除大量焦油 重油和 轻油 , 废水经隔油沉淀后重力进入调节池 。调节池 的主要功能是均衡水质和水量 ,为后续生物处理创造 良好的进水条件 ,不受污水高峰流量和浓度变化的影 响。事故池的设置主要是接受其他水处理设施的事 故性排放, 以保证水处理设施的平稳安全运行 。调节 池与事故池联建。调节池的出水由提升泵送至加药 混合反应池 ,而后自流进入溶气气浮装置 。加药混合 反应池中投加 FeSO4和 PAC 以去除 CN - 、 S 2-及油的 含量; 气浮采用气液混合泵气浮装置 , 投加药剂为 PAC。为保证良好的絮凝效果可以考虑投加助凝剂 PAM 。 经 预 处 理 后 的 水 质 CODCr5, 碳氮比符合反硝化条件, 因此不需要外加碳源 。 5 泥龄 。对于活性污泥系统 , 由于硝化菌比增 长速率低 ,世代周期长,若泥龄较短 ,就会使硝化菌来 不及增殖 ,就从系统中排出。为使活性污泥得到良好 的脱氮效果, 必须要有较长的泥龄。A O 2 工艺在运 行中选用较长的泥龄 ,通常SRT 20 d。 4 结语 1 采用 A O 2 工艺处理焦化废水是可行的。该 废水处理系统运行两年来 CODCr、 NH3-N 去除率分别 达到了 87和 93, 出水基本达到国家污水排放二 级指标。 2 生物处理是本系统的核心处理工艺。要充分 发挥生物处理的优势 ,就必须保证适宜的进水条件。 因而严格控制预处理的进水水质对于焦化废水的处 理及运行管理至关重要。 3 该工艺也存在一些缺点及问题 ①系统耐冲 击负荷能力较差。若进水氨氮浓度较高 NH3-N 300 mg L ,系统不仅需要加入大量清水稀释 ,导致废 水处理成本增加 ,而且处理能力也将下降 。 ②生化处 理工艺事故池太小且与调节池相连 ,当厂内蒸氨车间 因故障出现排水入事故池时, 将造成事故池溢流进调 节池而导致系统进水 NH3- N 过高, 会严重抑制硝化 菌的硝化作用。此外 ,隔油沉淀池由于设计不合理致 使进入生化处理系统的焦化废水含油量较大 ,这给废 水生物处理工艺带来很大困难。上述不足之处亟待 改进 。 作者通讯处 周鑫 030024 太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院 电话 0351 6079557 E -mail raymans eyou. com 2006- 07-28 收稿 上接第 32页 XH- 3 为 60. 9,比无葡萄糖时的CODCr去除率提高了 16. 9 ~ 26. 5。 乙 醇 对 废 水 CODCr所 加 量 为 1 712 mg L时 , 各菌的 CODCr去除率分别为 S-2 为 56. 5、Y-3为 56. 4、 XH-3 为59. 2, 比无乙醇条件 下的 CODCr去除率提高了 17. 6~ 25. 6。 3 结论 1 各菌种对不同化合物的降解能力是完全不同 的,不同菌种之间其优势降解化合物也存在很大差 异。S-2 菌种对十八烷 、 液体石蜡 、 甲苯的降解能力相 对于其降解其它化合物的能力更好一些 ; Y-3 菌种对 己烷 、 十八烷、 萘的降解能力较好; 而 XH- 3 菌种对甲 苯的降解能力较好, 对其它化合物的降解则稍差。 2 一般影响因素的实验结果表明 各菌种可在 自然环境条件范围内, 保持对废水 CODCr降解效果的 稳定性 。菌种的最佳生长条件为 温度 25 ~ 35 ℃, pH 6. 5~ 7. 5,摇床转速为 80~ 120 r min。 研究证明, 不添加磷源也能获得良好的废水降解效果。 3 葡萄糖的加入可使 CODCr的去除率提高 16. 9~ 26. 5,乙醇的加入可使 CODCr的去除率提 高17. 6~ 25. 6。 参考文献 [ 1] 慎义勇, 傅家谟, 盛国英等. 油制气废水中毒害有机物分析及一 般特征. 环境科学, 2001, 22 1 109 -113. [ 2] 张宝隆, 应诗胜. 人工制气厂环保技术的现状及其发展方向. 城 市煤气, 1994, 10 3 -9, 27. [ 3] 韦朝海, 焦向东, 陈焕钦. 有毒难降解有机污染物治理方法的研 究进展. 重庆环境科学, 1998, 20 4 22 -27. [ 4] US. EPA. Universal Treatment Standards. 40 CFR 1997, Part 268. 45. [ 5] Marshall Sittig . Worldwide limits for toxic and hazardous chemicals in Air, Water and Soil. Noyes Publications. New Jersey USA ,1994. [ 6] 曾国驱, 许玫英, 罗永华等. 生物滴滤池在处理重油裂解制气废 水中的应用. 微生物学通报, 2002, 29 4 52 -54. [ 7] 李秀怀. 典型油制气废水处理工艺改造过程分析. 环境污染治 理技术与设备, 2003, 4 10 81-83. [ 8] 慎义勇. 油制气废水毒害有机污染物控制技术初步研究. 广州 中科院广州地球化学研究所,2000 37-54. 作者通讯处 慎义勇 518049 深圳市下梅林龙尾路 181 号 深圳危 险废物处理站 电话 0755 83971953 -6500 E -mail Shen-yiyong 126. com 2006- 04-26 收稿 38 环 境 工 程 2007年 4 月第25 卷第2 期 Keywords hydrodynamic cavitation, dyestuff wastewater, multiple hole orifice plates, cavitional degradation and modified cavitional number HYDRATION ANDOXIDATION TREATMENTOFLANDFILL LEACHATE TREATEDBY BIOLOGICAL PROCESSESSong Yu Lou Ziyang ZhaoYoucai et al 24 Abstract CODCrof effluents from traditional biological treatment process is about 500~ 800 mg L, and both the refractory substances and inorganic compounds in leachate contributed to CODCr. Combined cement, NaAlO2with Ca ClO 2 were applied to advanced treatment of the leachate from agedrefuse bio -filter process, and it canmeet the second class leachate discharge standards CODCr300mg L . It is presumed that the removal of CODCrin leachate resulted from two ways one is the oxidation, while hydration is also an important way to remove the reduction inorganic compounds in leachate. Keywords landfill leachate, tail water, hydration, oxidation and aged refuse bio -filter reactor THE TREATMENT OF THICK OIL WASTEWATER BY HYDROLYSIS-AEROBIC PROCESS Feng Yingming Chen Jinfu Cao Zonglun et al 27 Abstract It is introduced the technique of biological membrane hydrolytic acidification -biological membrane contact oxidation to treat the thick oil wastewater from an oilfield oil density ρ 0. 86~ 0. 97g L. The treatment system established is stable and excellent with a capacity of sewage drainage about 3 000 m3 d. The sewage drainage can meet the class Ⅱ of National Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978 -96. Keywords oily wastewater, hydrolytic acidification, contact oxidation, thick oil wastewater and biological membrane STUDY ON INFLUENCE FACTORS OF ACCLIMATED STRAINS BIODEGRADING MGO- WASTEWATERShen Yiyong Mi Yonghong Wei Chaohai 30 Abstract On the basis of investigating the ability of biodegrading some compounds, three acclimated strains were used to treat wastewater which produced in the process of manufacturing gas with oil MGO, and the condition s influences on acclimated bacteria biodegrading this wastewater were investigated, the influencing factors include temperature, pH, oxygen supply , concentration of pollutant and co -metabolic substance as phosphorous source, carbon source. The results indicate that these three bacteria could keep the CODCrremoval rate under scale of natural condition; by adding glucose and ethanol, the CODCrremoval rates could be improved by 16. 9~ 26. 5 and 17. 6~ 25. 6, respectively. Keywords MGO -wastewater, acclimated strains and influencing factors THE PROCESSSTUDYOFTREATINGOCTANOLPRODUCTION WASTEWATERBY COMBINED ACIDIFICATION AND DEMULSIFICATIONLi Xiangfu 33 Abstract The process of acidification and demulsification was used to treat octanol production wastewater. The results showed that the CODCrremoval rate reached to 50, and oil removal rate was above 80,which realized the aim of treating octanol production waste water. The treatedwater was discharged into a chemical wastewater treatment plant, and it had no any reverse effect on chemical wastewater. It has been proved that it is feasible to treat octanol production wastewater with this process. Keywords waste alkali liquor, acidification, demulsification and process study USING A O 2 PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF COKE PLANT WASTEWATER Zhou Xin Li Yaxin Jia Dongjie 36 Abstract It is introduced the flowsheet of A O2process treating coke plant wastewater and of activated sludge accumulation in the start up of treatment system;meanwhile it is also discussed the factors influencing nitrification and denitrification and control parameters in practical operation. Keywords coke plantwastewater, A O2process and nitrification denitrification COMPARATIVEEXPERIMENTSONBIODEGRADATIONOFHIGHCONCENTRATION TOLUENE BY TWO DOMINANT BACTERIA IN BIOTRICKLING FILTERS He Ze Li Guiying An Taicheng et al 39 Abstract The biodegradation perance of high concentration toluene was comparatively investigated by two biotrickling filters BTFs which packed with ceramic pellets and two different dominant bacteria S1, S2. Though the two bacteria are all belong to Bacillus sp. , the experimental results including removal efficiency, non -use BTFs without airflow and liquid recycle indicated that they had obvious differences. S1 could always achieve 90 removal efficiency when the inlet toluene gas concentration was below 5. 81 mg L, and the maximum inlet toluene concentration could reach 10 . 00 mg L related with 59. 78 removal efficiency . While S2 only bore the maximum inlet toluene concentration 5. 72mg L with 65. 65 removal efficiency. The resultsof non -use BTFs experiments proved that after 10 days, S1 needed only 16 hours to revive 100 removal efficiency, while S2 merely regained 70~ 80 removal efficiency . Keywords biotrickling filter, dominant strains, toluene and degradation 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 25, No. 2,Apr. ,2007
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