城市污水回用于工业的现状分析.pdf

城市污水回用于工业的现状分析 刘一平 郭绍辉 石油大学重质油国家重点实验室, 北京 102249 王嘉麟 石油天然气集团公司环境工程技术中心, 北京 100724 摘要 概括地介绍了城市污水回用于工业的国内外发展现状、水质标准 、处理技术及其经济效益, 并对其未来的发展 提出了建议。 关键词 城市污水 污水回用 处理技术 1 前言 生产企业内部节水是有限的, 最终还是需要由企 业外补充用水。如果城市能够向企业提供再生水 ,就 可以代替工业必需的新鲜水, 可有效缓解城市供需矛 盾。因此可以说开源比节流更有益 ,城市污水再生后 回用于工业是更深层次的节水 。 2 国内外城市污水回用于工业的概况 2. 1 美国 美国的城市污水处理等级基本上都是二级以上, 处理率达到 100。美国再生水约 62用于灌溉和 景观, 31. 5用于工业, 5用于地下回灌, 1. 5用于 娱乐 、 渔业等。 美国电厂冷却是仅次于农业的主要用水者,生化 后的城市污水是可靠的冷却水水源 ,在西南地区的几 个主要发电厂, 包括核发电厂, 普遍使用处理后的城 市污水作为冷却水。拉斯维加斯有充足的电力供应, 该市科拉拉电厂和森路士电厂的冷却水都是使用拉 斯维加斯市污水厂的出水。污水厂 1981 年投产, 规 模 24 万 m 3 d, 二 级 处 理 出 水 BOD 530 mg L, SS 30 mg L 。 深度处理BOD57mg L,SS 7 mg L ,浊 度 1 NTU, TP 0. 3, 属可生化处理废水 [ 2] , 但可生化 性较差; 生活废水约 500 m 3 d。 3 废水处理工艺流程 该厂原废水处理工程采用两级好氧生物处理 ,经 过气浮 ,砂滤后排放, 废水处理工艺流程见图 1。原 废水处理工艺流程较长, 按照此工艺处理废水的处理 效率不高, 运行时需要提供一定的营养物质 ,所需的 曝气量大, 这使得运行费用很高, 且在操作管理上稍 有不慎就会造成活性污泥大量死亡 ,导致处理效果急 剧下 降。 原 工 艺 处 理 后 出 水 CODCr183. 6 ～ 297. 4 mg L ,BOD575. 3 ～ 128. 5 mg L。原处理工艺流 程见图1。 图 1 原废水处理工艺流程 为了解决上述存在的问题 , 简化工艺流程, 降低 运行费用 ,进一步提高处理效果, 厂方决定选用气浮- 水解-好氧组合工艺对该项工程进行改造, 改造后的 工艺流程见图 2。 图 2 改造后废水处理工艺流程 4 废水的处理 4. 1 气浮处理 生产废水间歇性排放, 且水量少 , 故对高浓度的 生产废水单独进行气浮处理。各车间排放的废水经 栅网滤去较大的悬浮物后进入气浮池 。气浮池采用 部分回流加压溶气工艺, 溶气水回流比为 30～ 17 环 境 工 程 2005年 6 月第23 卷第3 期 STUDY ON NITROGEN REMOVAL BY TRICKLING FILTERHu Heping et al7 Abstract This paper experimentally studies the influence of different carbon sources methanol, glucose and sodium acetate at different temperatures and C N ratio on denitrificationin a trickling filter filled in porous honeycomb ceramic. The results show that carbon source has great effect on denitrifictation efficiency, that is, when methanol and glucose are serviced as carbon source, there will be no nitrite accumulation in the system. But there has been observation of obvious nitrite accumulationwhile sadium acetate selected as carbon source. And the maxiumum nitrite accumulation 20 of the initial nitrate -nitrogen has reachedwhile nitrate has run out. The result also illustrates that optimal temperature relates with carbon source and the denitrification efficiencies with the different carbon sources are quite well at 40 ℃. Keywords trickling filter, carbon source, C N ratio, temperature and denitrification RECOMBINED MUNICIPAL EFFLUENT ADVANCED TREATMENT PROCESS AND PROGRESS FORWASTEWATER REUSEDeng Yaojie et al 10 Abstract In this paper, the municipal effluent advanced treatment processes for water reuse are summarized. The traditional processes and their developments both at home and abroad are introduced. On the basis of these, the application of the combination and integration process between the membrane separation techniques and the municipal effluent advanced treatment s are mainly described. In addition, it is pointed out that the integration and combination of some advanced treatment techniques and their optimization have profound strategic significance for alleviating water resource shortage and implementating water resource sustainable use. Keywords municipal ffluent, advanced treatment and wastewater reuse ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT STATUS OF REUSING MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER FOR INDUSTRYLiu Yiping et al 15 Abstract This article reviews the domestic and abroad status ofmunicipalwastewater reusing technologies for inustry, water quality standard for reusing, the processes of advanced treatment and benefit of sewage reusing, finally it also gives the suggestions on the future development. Keywords municipal wastewater, sewage reuse and treatment technique TREATMENT OFPHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER BYAIRFLOATATION -HYDROLYTIC ACIDIFICATION -AEROBIC PROCESSLi Xiangdong et al 17 Abstract Air floatation -hydrolytic acidification-aerobic process was used to treat pharamceutical wastewater, the running results showed that this process has simple operation and a high efficiency of treatment, the quality of effluent meets The Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978- 1996 . Keywords pharmaceuticalwastewater, air -floatation, hydrolytic acidification and contact oxidation ANALYSIS OF PRINCIPLE OF EXPANDED GRANULAR SLUDGE BED REACTOR Jiang Han et al 19 Abstract It is analyzed that the structuralfeature, substrate metaboly and acid -alkali balance of the expandedgranular sludge bed EGSB reactor according to the flow state of the sludge bed, biochemical dynamics and system-matter balance. From which it is concluded that H A ratio and reflux ratio are the indicators of realizing a higher upflow speed of the reactor. The reflux causes the change in substrate metaboly of the reactor, which enhances the removal rate. The operation mode of EGSB plays a positive role in balancing the alkali degree and pH value of the system. Keywords EGSB, expansion rate, reflux ratio, upflow velocity, treatment efficiency , alkalinity and pH value TREATMENTOFELECTROPLATINGWASTEWATERBYCHEMICALOXIDATION - SEDIMENTATION PROCESSYuan Shoujun et al 22 Abstract Electroplating wastewater was treated by chemical oxidation -sedimentation process. The ffluent quality cons to the first -order criterion of GB8978 -1996. Combining engineering practice, the author gives some experience in design and debugging of the treatment engineering. The process features low cost, less sludge production, simple operation and small occupation of land. Keywords chemical oxidation, sedimentation, electroplating wastewater DECOLORIZATION PERANCE OF CATIONIC DYES WITH DIFFERENT MOLECULAR STRUCTURES BY AEROBIC ACTIVATED SLUDGELiu Zhengqin et al 24 Abstract Color removal effect of cationic dyes with different molecular structures by the acclimated activated sludge under aerobic conditions and different acetic acid concentrations was investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that the dye removal of cationic dyes by 3 000 mg L aerobic sludge was high. The color removal of cationic red GTL, i. e. , isolated azo dyes and cationic blue 2 RL, i. e. , 2 -N hermicyanine, of 20 mg L was about 93 and 98, respectively. The increase of the sludge concentration had no prominent effect on the dye removal percentage. The color removal of cationic red 2 GL 2 -N heterocyclic hemicyanine dyes , cationic redGTL, cationic blue 2 RL and basic 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 23,No. 3, Jun. , 2005