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乌鲁木齐市河东污水厂 AB法处理污水过程的评价 海里且木买买提 乌鲁木齐市污水处理厂, 新疆 830046 迪丽努尔塔力甫 新疆大学化学化工学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046 摘要 介绍乌鲁木齐市河东污水厂采用的 AB 法处理污水流程及特点。 并对目前操作中存在的问题进行了分析, 提 出了针对该问题所进行的改进方案。 关键词 污水处理 AB 法 好氧 厌氧 1 引言 乌鲁木齐河东污水处理厂位于乌鲁木齐市北郊 东戈 壁农 场 东南 侧, 占 地 面 积 35 hm 2 , 处理 量 20 万 t d ,主要处理乌鲁木齐市天山区 、 水磨沟卡子湾 地区的工业污水及生活污水, 以及沙以巴克区的部分 工业污水及生活污水 。对此采用高浓度污水处理技 术即AB 两段活性污泥法 。 2 AB法工艺流程及设计指标 河东污水厂 AB 法工艺流程见附图 。 附图 河东污水厂AB 法工艺流程 AB 工艺中的A 、 B 两段需严格分开 ,污泥系统各 段独立循环 , 两段串联运行 。因此, 可以将 AB 法看 成是一种改进的两段生物处理技术。其工程的设计 指标如表 1 所示 。 表 1 工程的设计指标 项 目BOD5CODCrSSTNTP 进水 mgL- 1 200500220304 出水 mgL- 1 301200. 3 mg L 的情 况下好氧菌也能正常地分解有机物 。一般应控制 DO 在 1. 5 ~ 2. 0 mg L 以上 , 低于 0. 5 mg L 时则硝化 完全 。 针对 B 段供氧不足的问题, 可根据 B 段运行方 式灵活多变的特征调整运行模式。如缩短半个周期 的预沉时间 ,即预沉时间由原来的1 h 缩短为 45 min, 这样每天增加转刷充氧时间 1. 5 h , 运行周期由 8 h 提高到 12 h。另外 ,还可增加高速转刷的运行时间, 调整中、 边沟进水的时间分配 控制 BOD5污泥负荷 在0. 15 kg kgd 。通过调整测得的 NH3- N 、 TN 和TP 数据见表 4。 66 环 境 工 程 2005年 6 月第23 卷第3 期 表 4 去除氮氧的实测平均值mg L 时间 年. 月 NH3-N TNTP 进水出水 去除率 进水出水 去除率 进水出水 去除率 2001. 1~ 1124. 416.6323719.2485. 62. 064 2001. 12~2002. 1229. 916.94445.617.6615. 30. 884 由表 4 可以看出 ,调整后的 NH3- N、 TN 去除率比 调整前提高10; TN 去除率已达到设计标准 ,即去除 率为 84。 4 结论 综上所述, 进水有机负荷的增加是 B 段充氧不 足的直接原因, 可通过调整 B 段的运行模式使 TN 、 TP 去除率基本达到设计标准 。由于进入河东污水厂的 污水偶尔含有垃圾填埋厂排放的垃圾渗滤液 ,这样使 得进水水质波动的范围更大, 几项指标的去除率均达 到设计值, 且排放浓度均高于国外值 。目前正积极摸 索,积累经验,使整个 AB 系统更加稳定地运行。 参考文献 1 顾润南. 我国城市生活污水处理方法评述. 环境保护, 2001. 9 . 2 傅鸿运. 活性污泥污水处理方法. 中国酿造, 1999. 6 . 作者通讯处 迪丽努尔 830046 新疆乌鲁木齐市新疆大学化工 学院 电话 0991 8813938 E -mail dilnurt2000 yahoo. com. cn 2004- 07-30 收稿 干式消解-原子吸收光谱法测定 土壤中部分重金属的探讨 贾海东 响水县环境监测站, 江苏 224600 摘要 火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的铜、锌、铅、镉、镍等重金属时, 采用干式消解法对土壤样品进行处理, 即在 500 ℃ 加热灰化, 然后用酸浸提。 其测定结果与国家标准分析方法测定结果无显著性差异, 对标准样品测定结果准确。 测量 过程方便快速。 关键词 土壤 重金属 干式消解 原子吸收法 1 引言 在标准方法中用火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中铜、 锌、 铅 、 镉、镍等痕量重金属时, 样品试液的制备方法 通常采用的是湿式消解法 ,即采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸- 高氯酸对土壤样品进行全分解 ,彻底破坏土壤的矿物 晶格, 使试样中的待测元素全部进入试液中。然后, 将土壤消解液喷入空气-乙炔火焰中待测元素的化合 物离解为基态原子, 该基态原子蒸汽对相应的空心阴 极灯发射的特征谱线产生选择性吸收 。根据测得的 吸光度值在标准曲线上查出试液中待测元素的浓度。 通过计算得出土壤中铜、锌、 铅 、 镉 、 镍的含量 。 在实际工作中采用上述湿式消解法处理土壤样 品时, 往往存在消解时间太长, 测定过程中有一定的 空白影响, 同时在采用上述消解体系时 , 由于使用了 高氯酸,因此在操作过程中还应防止发生爆炸的可能 性。此外, 如果一次测定多个土壤样品 , 采用湿式消 解法不够快捷。 因此, 在实际操作中采用了干式消解法, 测定结 果令人满意 。 2 实验部分 2. 1 试剂 硝酸溶液 1 1; 硝酸溶液 体积分数为0. 2; 盐酸溶液 1 1; 待测重金属标准使用液各 1 份。 2. 2 仪器 TAS- 986 原子吸收分光光度计 ; 铜 、 锌 、铅、镉、镍 空心阴极灯 ; 乙炔钢瓶 ; 空气压缩机 应有除水、除油 等功能 ; 马弗炉 ; 电热板 ; 瓷坩埚等 。 2. 3 实验操作步骤 67 环 境 工 程 2005年 6 月第23 卷第3 期 INDOOR AIR BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHYGuo Yanan et al 60 Abstract The factors influencing the concentrationof total volatile organic compound TVOCinthe indoor air, whichwasmeasured by gas chromatography GC, were studied. By prolonging the sampling time, 10 L air could be taken according to the real measured flow. The sufficient convection between the indoor air and the outdoor air after longer time ventilation was beneficial to the diffusion of the harmful air from indoors to outdoors. And then when the room was closed, the concentration of TVOC in 1 hour could be accurately measured. The thermal desoprtion rate of the single component was affected by its molecule weight and polarity;and the thermal desoprtion rate decreased with desorption time. The measuring time could be shortened if the initial and final coulmn temperatures were changed from 50 to 70 ℃ and 250 to 230 ℃, respectively while the results remained unchanged. Keywords TVOC, gas chromatography, thermal adsorption and Tenax -TA tube STUDY OF ON -LINE SOFT MEASUREMENT OF RESPIRATORY RATE OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE BASED ON SBR Chen Jianbo et al 62 Abstract Respiratory rate is the main varibale in the process of activated sludge wastewater treatment. It directly reflects the activity of microorganism and degradation rate of organic matters during the process of aerobic biological treatment. Through studying the principles of measuring respriatory rate in activated sludge wastewater treatment, the soft measuring model of respriatory rate based on SBR is set up . In the end, the online value of microbial respiratory rate based on the experiment control plat is also obtained. Keywords respiratory rate, activated sludge, soft measuring, data fitting and simulink THE UATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT BY AB FOR HEDONG SEWAGE TREATMENT FACTORY IN URUMQIHailiqimMaimaiti et al 65 Abstract The process of sewage treatment by AB in Hedong Sewage Treatment Factory in Urumqi and the characteristics of AB are recommended. The problems of operation are analyzed and a improving scheme for them is raised. Keywords sewage treatment, AB , aerobic and anaerobic EXPLORATION OF DETERMINATION OF PARTIAL HEAVY-METALS IN SOIL WITH DRY ASHING -ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRYJia Haidong 67 Abstract The dry ash isused to treat the soil sampleswhenflame AAS is used to determine Cu, Zn, Pb etc in soil. The soil samples are heated up to 500 ℃ for digestion, and then extracted by acid. This has higher precision and accuracy, and is a fast one. Keywords soil, heavy metal, dry ashing digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry DEVELOPMENTOFIMMUNOASSAYFORSMALLMOLECULARENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTSYu Ruozhen et al 69 Abstract According to the present status of the immunoassay of small molecular environmental pollutants, it is introduced the principle, feature and the main steps of research and development of immunoassay. The assay ats, the design of hapten, synthesis of immunogen and preparation of antibody were presented. The new development and the application of the technology for environmental pollutants were reviewed. Keywords immunoassay , hapten and environmental pollutants THE EXPERIMENT STUDY ON EFFECT OF BUILDING STRUCTURE ON AIR POLLUTION Han Mingshan et al 73 Abstract This article has conducted the simulation research through the wind tunnel modeling test, studied the diffusion properties of air pollution under complicated environment, also discussed the effect of building structure s style change on the air pollution distribution, on the basis of that, analyzed the essential factorswhich influence the diffusion under the complicated environemnt, obtainedthe general rule of diffusion of air pollutants among complex construction structures. Keywords air pollution, atmosphere diffusion, building structure, wind tunnel and modeling test APPLICATION OF CONSTRUCTED RAPID INFILTRATION IN ACTUAL PROJECT Li Zhengyu et al 76 Abstract Combining project, this paper introduced the technology process and treatment effect of constructed rapid infiltration CRI system. The results indicated that except T -P CRI system had good treatment effect. When it treated domestic sewage, CODCrwas 5. 0 ~ 26. 0 mg L, SS was 1. 7~ 10. 0 mg L, NH3-N was 0. 30~ 2. 31 mg L. When it treated river sewage, CODCrwas8. 0~ 26. 0mg L, BOD5was 1. 0 ~ 6. 0 mg L, SS was 2. 0~ 6. 0 mg L, NH3-N was 0. 17~ 2. 54mg L. CRI system is worth popularizing as a new type of treating technology. Keywords constructed rapid infiltration, domestic sewage, river sewage and hydraulic loading 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 23,No. 3, Jun. , 2005
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