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附录 外文资料与中文翻译 外文资料 Construction of Digital Mine and Key Technologies ABSTRACT In China, the mine is facing a stern challenge over its environmental protection, the limitation on its structure and function within its subsystem, optimization of its limited manpower , financial and material resources and its sustainable development. Digital mine is come up with to deal with all these problems. The Digital Mine can be liken to “a logistics supply chain”, the basic characteristic is the high-speed network, with broadband and two-way communication system, used as “path map”, which shall make sure the fast delivery of all the date within all the relevant enterprises in the country; It consists of vehicles, which refers to the technics of Mine CAD,virtual reality, mine simulation, scientific calculation, artificial intelligence, visualization and office automation; goods,which refers to mine data and mind application model; package, which refers to 3DGM3-Dimensional Geographical Model and data mining; security system, which refers to the collection and renewal system of mine data; and dispatching system, which refers to MGISMine Geographical Ination System, the common carrier of the entire ination and office decisions, controlling the use and operation of all vehicles as well as all of the goods production and the package system. The basic structure of the Digital Mine is composed of two parts digital ground and digital mine. The digital ground is a management ination system based on the EPR Enterprise Resource Planning and spatial ination infrastructure and ination system based on 3S technology and computer network. The digital mine regards the mine geology and surveying data as basic ination data for spatial positioning, furthermore, ting other relevant ination if necessary, such as mining working-face, excavating working-face, underground chamber, mechanical and electronic equipments, ventilation and safety device, underground pipeline and communication and others, ing a spatial database. Thus, the entire mine’s ination system of management and service and decision support system is established. The Digital Mine is a huge systematic project, involving 3S GIS, GPS, RS, IT Ination technology, mine science, virtual reality technology and visualization technology. Based on computers and network communication, the Digital mine realizes the digitization of storing, transporting, expressing and applying of all the relevant spatial data and ttribute data, including mine construction, exploration, development, mining, environmental protection and control. In addition, it is also a huge artificial intellectual system that integrates digital construction, digital exploration, digital mining, digital environmental protection and digital forecasting based on data dictionary technology, data warehouse technology, WebGIS, virtual reality technology, multimedia technology, CASE technology and artificial intelligence technology. Key words digital mine; data dictionary; data warehouse; WebGIS; virtual reality; multimedia; artificial intelligence INTRODUCTION The digital mine is integration understanding and digitized reconstruction of real mine ②using “3S” technology,multimedia, artificial intelligence technology, WebGIS technology, virtual reality technology to realize 3D display of ore body and mine and monitor duly mining work, realize artificial intelligence, check and assess mineral stack impact on environment etc.; ③with the help of computer technology, network technology.etc. Digital mine should be capable of realizing mine data release, updating, share and exchange between different departments, mine data of the same trade in time; ④Digital mine should have functions of predicting, appraising, analyzing etc., which can offer policymaking and optimization scheme for macroscopic strategy of the government department, drawing up the selling prices of enterprises, etc. 1. CONCEPT OF DIGITAL MINE Digital mine regards mine system as prototype, regards geographical coordinate as reference system, regards mine science and technology, ination science, artificial intelligence and calculation science as theoretical foundation,regards high-new mine observation technology and network technology as technological support, establishing a series of different levels prototype, system field, material model, mechanics model, mathematical model, ination model and computer model ,using multimedia and simulation on the other hand,all relevant ination is imbedded to make up a multidimensional digital mine in more extensive meaning.i.e. relative change ination related to spatial position indirectly, such as management of reserves, electromechanical management, personnel management, production management, technical management, etc., Fig.1 shows its structure and interactionAccording to the above-mentioned analysis, digital mine should include 4 layers. 1 Data administration layer it lies in the first layer in the system, also in lowest layer of the whole system,which is responsible for the collection, memory, preprocessing,trans,inquiry, retri,transmission,cross visit of the data and data output, providing the support of the data for other layers. So it is foundation and data source of the whole system. 2 Model layer it lies in the second layer in the system, which includes designed new model and application of various given geological model, mathematical model, appraising and predicting model, etc. for instance , the tonnage and grade model of mineral deposit , reserves calculation model, and so on. And some models need be designed and set up in the course of practical application, for example, the three-dimensional geological body has fracture, because there is no ready-made model, the users must design and build model again. This layer offers modeling and data support for constructing new model and applying given model. 3 Technologies and s layer the third layer in the system. It refers to applying various new and high technologies to realize the three-dimension display of the mine and ore body, real time supervision on mining work,artificial intelligence and examination and assessment of ore pileup and impact on environment on the basis of model layer 4 Management and application layer in outermost layer of the system .it includes MIS and office automation, the long-range renewal, share and exchange of data; In addition, relevant analysis and prediction can be carried out depending on various ination and processed data derived from other layer, which offer the decision support of each level for policymaker 2. ESSENTIAL FEATURES AND BASIC STRUCTURE OF DIGITAL MINE Essential features of digital mine include①digital mine regards high-speed enterprise network as “the route chart”. And broadband, high-speed, two-way communication network is gradual set up to guarantee the fast transmission of mine data in the network of mining industry between enterprises and provinces; ②it regards high and new technologies, such as mining CAD, virtual reality, mining stimulation, scientific calculation , artificial intelligence, visualization and office automation, as “ the vehicle”, which integrates many varieties of data and ination; ③digital mine regards mining industry data and mining industry application model as “ goods”, and the core of digital mine is the data warehouse; ④ it regards 3DGM three-dimension geography science model and the data mining as “package”, and regards the acquisition the other is spatial ination infrastructure and ination system based on “3S” technology and computer network technology. “digital shaft” regards geology of coal mine and surveying data as basic ination data for spatial positioning, which can spatial database after these parameters andination, such as coalface, leading face of excavation, room in the pit, electromechanical facility of shaft, ventilation safety devices, pipeline in the pit,communication and other ination related to shaft, are into the system. On this basis, management, service and decision-making ination system of the whole mine is set up. Fig. 3 shows the basic structures and interrelation of igital mine. 3. KEY TECHNOLOGIES TO DIGITAL MINE The realization of digital mine involves numerous disciplines and knowledge, they mainly include the data’ dynamic acquisition and real time updating technology, data processing and ination extraction technology, spatial data warehouse technology, spatial data modeling technology, virtual reality and stimulation technology, network technology,etc. as shown in Fig 4, the research on these technology systems and their integration mode is the key to the realization of digital mine. obviously, data acquisition is the data source of digital mine system, data management is the foundation of digital mine system, data modeling and spatial analysis are the core of digital mine system, visualization release of distributed network is important expression of digital mine. 3.1 three-dimensional spatial data acquisition Data acquisition is the most basic work for establishing digital mine system, and accuracy of the data determines directly the accuracy of data model and spatial analysis. Mine data acquisition focuses on geological exploitation data,mine surveying data, mining engineering data, etc. due to the characteristic of multiple sources, so effective combination and superposition should be conducted according to data model and structure, which guarantees quality and quantity of the data to reach optimum. Except for traditional surveying, electronic surveying, geological drilling,etc., the three-dimensional spatial data acquisition of mine includes new s in the following. 3.2 distributed spatial database and network GIS technology Distributed database and distributed processing is the development trend. Every specialized department of mine may establish professional database in order to bring the special skill in data acquisition, updating, processing into full play and avoid management difficulty and the network. Jam caused by the centralized type system. These dispersive computers are linked into a multiple computer system through interconnection network, which adopt the distributed computing technology and interoperation technology to realize the resource-sharing. Hypermedia network GIS WebGIS and interoperation norm OpenGIS are the tools to realize distributed calculation and interoperation between homogenous system the same software plat and heterogeneous system the different software plat respectively. 3.3 data model and data structure Digital mine is a typical multidimensional dynamic system. For the sake of abstracting and expressing real mine,spatial-temporal database must be developed to describe complex geographical phenomenon which is dynamic and real-time. The spatial data structure develops on the basis of spatial data model, which is the conventional connotation of a software system, and it indicates “the set of data elements of certain structure”. in order to build spatial-temporal data model of “digital mine”, the spatial-temporal data structure should be adopted to express it accurately.In this respect of data model of three-dimensional space, till now, numerous researches have been carried out both at home and abroad, and many kinds of three-dimensional data model have been proposed. Generally speaking, data model can divided into plane model, body model and mi
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