掘进工作面传热特性及热害治理研究.pdf

掘进工作面传热特性及热害治理研究 重庆大学博士学位论文 学生姓名姬建虎 指导教师廖 强 教 授 专 业动力工程及工程热物理 学科门类工 学 重庆大学动力工程学院 二 O 一四年五月 Study on the Heat Transfer and Heat Harm control of driving face In Deep Mine A Thesis ted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Doctor’s Degree of Engineering By Jijianhu Supervised by Prof. Liao-qiang Specialty Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics College of PowerEngineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China May, 2014 I 摘 要 世界能源消费结构中，化石能源依然占据主导地位。随着对能源需求的增长， 煤矿的开采深度在不断增加，热害矿井数量也越来越多。在高温高湿环境下工作， 不仅损害工人的身体健康，降低劳动生产率，而且影响安全生产，对人的伤害大 都不可逆转。目前，热害已严重制约了煤矿的发展，成为继瓦斯、火、水、矿压、 粉尘之后的第六大灾害。因此，深入研究深井热害问题已成为世界煤炭开采的一 项技术发展重点。本文以煤矿热害最为严重的作业点之一掘进工作面为研究 对象，对其换热特性和热害治理进行了实验和数值模拟研究，获得了掘进工作面 换热计算关联式；从气候、地温和热源等方面对深部矿井的热害规律进行了系统 的研究，推导出冷负荷计算式，提出热害治理的系统设计方案，开发出新型半封 闭式矿用局部制冷降温系统。主要研究内容及结论如下 （1）掘进工作面传热研究根据高温矿井掘进工作面的通风和换热特点，对换 热特性进行了实验研究和数值模拟分析，数值模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好。在 数值模拟和实验研究基础上，得到了掘进工作面换热特性影响因素的具体关联式。 为结合实际应用，将掘进面迎头、围岩及风流看作一个整体，对 840 个组合分别 进行数值模拟，并对实验数据进行回归分析，得出了传热系数关系式。 （2）深部高温矿井热害规律研究 对深部高温矿井热害规律进行研究，得出了地面和井下的温度、相对湿度和 气压变化曲线非常相似且同步变化，一般区域矿井地面气候参数对井下气候参数 有着显著影响。对于深部高温矿井较远地区，因特殊的开拓条件、进风路线比较 长和深度较大等原因，井下气温受地面气温的影响较小，热害出现的主要原因是 由地温造成。 推导了井下钻孔测地温的原理及巷道调热圈厚度的计算方法。随着矿井开采 深度的增加，岩石的原始岩温也在增加。由于地质断层的作用，地温变化有个明 显急剧增加的过程。研究确定了地温类型，恒温带的温度和深度，对矿井沿途各 种热源散热量进行了定量分析，得出了沿通风线路中各种热源散热量所占的比例。 （3）热害治理研究 对高温矿井掘进工作面的热害治理进行了较深入的研究，推导了冷负荷计算 式，计算了掘进工作面热源的散热量，确定了掘进面制冷负荷，针对掘进工作面 设计出降温系统方案，开发出相应装备。实践表明系统运行稳定可靠、制冷效果 好。通过 PLC 对系统进行控制，并可实现多种保护功能。测试结果显示，掘进工 作面从迎头到离迎头 100m 范围内，干球温度平均降低 5.6℃，湿球温度平均降低 II 8.5℃，相对湿度平均降低 20，达到了设计要求。掘进工作面热害治理系统是比 较成功的，可作为类似高温矿井热害治理的示范矿井，具有推广意义。 关键词关键词热害矿井，掘进工作面，换热特性，换热系数，热害治理 III ABSTRACT In the world energy consumption structure, fossil energy still remains the dominant position. With the growth of energy demand and mining depth, the number of mines with heat hazard is increasing. It has severely constrained the development of coal mines. Currently, mine heat hazard has become the sixth coal mine disaster following roof, gas, fire, dust and water. Therefore, further study of heat hazard has become a technical focal point of the development of coal mining. The high temperature and humid environment not only harm workers’ health irreversibly, but also reduce labor productivity. The thesis takes the driving face which is one of the hottest work place as the study object. According to the study of heat transfer characteristics and mine heat harm control, we can get the heat transfer relationship of driving face. Furthermore, systematic study is done about the law of heat harm in deep mine on the climate, geothermal and heat resources and the calculation ula of cooling load is deduced. Then it puts forward the system design for the specific coal mine and develops the world’s first semi-closed mine cooling system. Data analysis shows that the cooling effect is good and meets the design requirements.The thesis’s main research contents and conclusions are as follows （1）Study on heat transfer in driving face. According to the ventilation and heat transfer characteristics of driving face in hot mine, and on the basis of theoretical analysis of general parameters in engineering practice, the heat transfer characteristics are investigated by ANSYS numerical simulation and the ratio of 13 similar experiment, the number of numerical simulation and experimental study are respectively 840 and 280 group. Through the comparison, simulation and experiment results have high degree of coincidence both on range of value and variation tendency. Then the concrete s of heat transfer coefficient correlation are made through regression analysis of numerical simulation results and experimental results. Similarly, in order to combine with practical application, this thesis sees the driving face head-on, wall rock and airflow as a whole, conducts numerical simulation on 840 combinations respectively, does regression analysis of the experimental data and gets the correlation of heat transfer coefficient. （2）Research on the law of heat harm in deep and hot mine Based on the law of heat harm in deep and hot mine, the change curve of IV temperature, relative humidity and air pressure between the ground and underground is very similar and synchronous. Generally, the climate parameters on the ground have remarkable effect on climate parameters under the mine. For the distant areas of deep-high temperature mine, because of special conditions of development, long airway and other reasons, the climate on the ground has a little impact on the coal mine. The heat damage is mainly caused by high temperature of the geothermal. Geothermal downhole drilling test theory and calculation of thickness of heat-adjusting layer are deduced. With the increase of the depth of coal bed, the original rock temperature is still increasing. As the role of geological faults, the geothermal temperature has significantly increased dramatically in the process. The thesis has studied and confirmed the type of geothermal, temperature and depth of constant temperature zone. Through quantitative analysis in the heat dissipating of various heat sources along airway, the proportion of heat dissipating of various heat sources is obtained. （3）Research on heat-harm control Through the deep study of heat-harm control in high temperature driving face, the calculation ula of refrigerating capacity is deduced. The heat dissipating capacity of heat source in driving face is calculated, and the cooling system has been designed and installed. The practice shows that the system is stable and reliable, and also has good cooling effect and meets the design requirements absolutely. Through the PLC to control the system, it can realize many kinds of protection function. Within the 100m from the heading face, the temperature reduction range of dry bulb mean temperature average is 5.6℃, and the maximum is 7.5℃.The wet bulb mean temperature is 8.5℃, and the maximum is 11℃, and the fall scope of the relative humidity is 20 on average. YongChuan coal mine local refrigeration cooling system is successful, which verifies the rationality of the experiment and the theory in this paper. The refrigeration cooling system can be used as a demonstration of mine heat harm control, and it is worthy of being used widely. KeywordsHot mine, Driving face, Heat transfer characteristics, Heat transfer coefficient, Heat-harm control V 目 录 中文摘要中文摘要 .......................................................................................................................................... I 英文摘要英文摘要 ....................................................................................................................................... III 1 绪绪 论论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题研究背景和意义课题研究背景和意义 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外现状综述国内外现状综述 ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 掘进工作面传热研究现状 ................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 矿井热害治理现状 ............................................................................................................ 7 1.3 课题研究目的、内容、创新点课题研究目的、内容、创新点 ............................................................................................... 11 1.3.1 研究目的 .......................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2 研究内容 .......................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.3 创新点 .............................................................................................................................. 11 2 掘进工作面传热研究掘进工作面传热研究 .................................................................................................... 13 2.1 概述概述 ........................................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 掘进面传热参数确定掘进面传热参数确定 ............................................................................................................... 14 2.3 掘进面换热实验研究掘进面换热实验研究 ............................................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 实验模型比例确定 .......................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 实验装置 .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 实验数据不确定度分析 .................................................................................................. 31 2.3.4 实验结果分析 .................................................................................................................. 35 2.4 掘进面换热数值模拟研究掘进面换热数值模拟研究 ....................................................................................................... 39 2.4.1 控制方程 .......................................................................................................................... 39 2.4.2 湍流模型 .......................................................................................................................... 41 2.4.3 模拟模型 .......................................................................................................................... 46 2.4.4 模拟和实验研究对比 ...................................................................................................... 49 2.4.5 模拟结果分析 .................................................................................................................. 53 2.5 小结小结 ........................................................................................................................................... 68 3 深部高温矿井热害规律研究深部高温矿井热害规律研究 .................................................................................... 69 3.1 概述概述 ........................................................................................................................................... 69 3.2 气候研究气候研究 ................................................................................................................................... 70 3.2.1 实验仪器及方法 .............................................................................................................. 70 3.2.2 地面气候与井下气候关系研究 ...................................................................................... 71 VI 3.2.3 掘进工作面气候研究 ...................................................................................................... 76 3.3 地温研究地温研究 ................................................................................................................................... 79 3.3.1 地温研究理论 .................................................................................................................. 80 3.3.2 原始岩温 .......................................................................................................................... 81 3.3.3 地温类型 .......................................................................................................................... 88 3.4 热源研究热源研究 ................................................................................................................................... 89 3.4.1 空气自压缩热 .................................................................................................................. 89 3.4.2 围岩散热 .......................................................................................................................... 92 3.4.3 机电设备的放热 .............................................................................................................. 95 3.4.4 运输中的煤炭和矸石散热 .............................................................................................. 96 3.4.5 其它热源 .......................................................................................................................... 97 3.4.6 热源分析 .......................................................................................................................... 99 3.5 小结小结 ........................................................................................................................................... 99 4 热害治理研究热害治理研究 .................................................................................................................. 101 4.1 热害矿井制冷量计算热害矿井制冷量计算 ............................................................................................................. 101 4.1.1 冷负荷公式 ..................................................................................................................... 101 4.1.2 冷负荷计算 ..................................................................................................................... 103 4.2 降温系统开发降温系统开发 ......................................................................................................................... 105 4.2.1 制冷主机 ........................................................................................................................ 105 4.2.2 蒸发器 ............................................................................................................................ 106 4.2.3 冷凝器 ............................................................................................................................ 121 4.2.4 矿用空冷器 .................................................................................................................... 130 4.2.5 矿用回冷器 .................................................................................................................... 136 4.2.6 监控系统 ........................................................................................................................ 140 4.3 热害治理方案热害治理方案 ......................................................................................................................... 141 4.4 降温系统测试分析降温系统测试分析 ................................................................................................................. 143 4.4.1 现场测试 ........................................................................................................................ 144 4.4.2 效果分析 ........................................................................................................................ 146 4.5 小结小结 ......................................................................................................................................... 147 5 结论与展望结论与展望 ....................................................................................................................... 149 5.1 结论结论 ...............................................................