防止电力生产事故的二十五项重点要求（2023版）.pdf

防止电力生产事故的二十五项重点要求 （（2023 版）版） 国家能源局 二二三年三月 I 目目 录录 1 防止人身伤亡事故的重点要求....................................................................................................1 1.1 防止高处坠落事故.............................................................................................................1 1.2 防止触电事故..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 防止物体打击事故.............................................................................................................6 1.4 防止机械伤害事故.............................................................................................................7 1.5 防止灼烫伤害事故.............................................................................................................8 1.6 防止起重伤害事故.............................................................................................................9 1.7 防止坍塌伤害事故........................................................................................................... 11 1.8 防止中毒窒息事故...........................................................................................................12 1.9 防止电力生产交通事故...................................................................................................15 1.10 防止电力生产淹溺事故.................................................................................................16 1.11 防止烟气脱硫设备及其系统中人身伤亡事故.............................................................17 1.12 防止液氨储罐泄漏、中毒、爆炸伤人事故.................................................................17 2 防止火灾事故的重点要求..........................................................................................................19 2.1 加强防火组织与消防设施管理.......................................................................................19 2.2 防止发电厂电缆着火事故...............................................................................................21 2.3 防止汽机油系统着火事故...............................................................................................23 2.4 防止燃油罐区及锅炉油系统着火事故...........................................................................24 2.5 防止制粉系统爆炸事故...................................................................................................24 2.6 防止氢气系统爆炸事故...................................................................................................25 2.7 防止输煤皮带着火事故...................................................................................................25 2.8 防止脱硫、湿除系统着火事故.......................................................................................26 2.9 防止氨系统着火爆炸事故...............................................................................................27 2.10 防止天然气系统着火爆炸事故.....................................................................................28 2.11 防止风力发电机组着火事故.........................................................................................30 2.12 防止电化学储能电站火灾事故.....................................................................................32 3 防止电气误操作事故的重点要求..............................................................................................33 3.1 防误操作技术措施............................................................................................................33 3.2 防误操作管理措施............................................................................................................35 4 防止系统稳定破坏事故的重点要求..........................................................................................35 4.1 加强电源支撑能力...........................................................................................................35 4.2 加强系统网架结构...........................................................................................................37 4.3 加强系统稳定分析及管理...............................................................................................38 4.4 增强电力监控系统（二次系统）可靠性.......................................................................39 4.5 防止系统无功电压稳定破坏...........................................................................................40 4.6 加强大面积停电恢复能力...............................................................................................41 5 防止机网协调及风电机组、光伏逆变器大面积脱网事故的重点要求..................................41 5.1 防止机网协调事故...........................................................................................................41 5.2 防止风电机组、光伏逆变器大面积脱网事故...............................................................46 6 防止锅炉事故的重点要求..........................................................................................................49 6.1 防止锅炉尾部再次燃烧事故...........................................................................................49 II 6.2 防止锅炉炉膛爆炸事故...................................................................................................54 6.3 防止制粉系统爆炸和煤尘爆炸事故...............................................................................59 6.4 防止锅炉满水和缺水事故...............................................................................................62 6.5 防止锅炉承压部件失效事故...........................................................................................65 6.6 防止农林生物质发电事故...............................................................................................72 7 防止压力容器等承压设备爆破事故的重点要求......................................................................73 7.1 防止承压设备超压事故...................................................................................................73 7.2 防止氢罐等压力容器爆炸事故.......................................................................................74 7.3 防止压力容器脱检漏检...................................................................................................75 7.4 防止压力容器违规使用...................................................................................................75 8 防止汽轮机、燃气轮机事故的重点要求..................................................................................76 8.1 防止汽轮机超速事故.......................................................................................................76 8.2 防止汽轮机轴系断裂及损坏事故...................................................................................77 8.3 防止汽轮机大轴弯曲事故...............................................................................................79 8.4 防止汽轮机、燃气轮机轴瓦损坏事故...........................................................................82 8.5 防止燃气轮机超速事故...................................................................................................84 8.6 防止燃气轮机轴系断裂及损坏事故...............................................................................85 8.7 防止燃气轮机燃气系统泄漏爆炸事故...........................................................................88 9 防止分散控制系统失灵事故的重点要求..................................................................................90 9.1 防止分散控制系统供电系统事故...................................................................................90 9.2 防止分散控制系统硬件事故...........................................................................................91 9.3 防止就地热工设备异常引发事故...................................................................................92 9.4 防止因检修、维护不当引发事故...................................................................................94 9.5 防止保护系统失灵事故...................................................................................................94 9.6 防止模拟量调节事故.......................................................................................................96 9.7 防止 RB 系统事故............................................................................................................96 9.8 防止分散控制系统网络事故...........................................................................................96 9.9 防止水电厂（站）计算机监控系统事故.......................................................................97 9.10 防止水机保护失灵.......................................................................................................100 9.11 主控系统失灵的紧急处理措施...................................................................................102 10 防止发电机及调相机损坏事故的重点要求..........................................................................102 10.1 防止定子绕组故障.......................................................................................................102 10.2 防止定子铁心故障.......................................................................................................104 10.3 防止转子绕组故障.......................................................................................................105 10.4 防止转子大轴及护环损伤...........................................................................................107 10.5 防止内冷水系统故障...................................................................................................108 10.6 防止发生局部过热....................................................................................................... 110 10.7 防止氢冷发电机漏氢................................................................................................... 111 10.8 防止励磁系统故障引起设备损坏...............................................................................113 10.9 防止出线及外部回路设备故障...................................................................................114 10.10 防止非正常运行造成设备损坏.................................................................................116 10.11 防止水轮发电机启停故障......................................................................................... 117 10.12 加强在线监测装置运行管理.....................................................................................118 10.13 防止检修不当造成设备损坏.....................................................................................118 III 11 防止发电机励磁系统事故的重点要求..................................................................................119 11.1 励磁系统设计的重点要求........................................................................................... 119 11.2 励磁系统基建安装及设备改造的重点要求...............................................................120 11.3 励磁系统调整试验的重点要求...................................................................................121 11.4 励磁系统运行安全的重点要求...................................................................................122 12 防止大型变压器和互感器损坏事故的重点要求..................................................................123 12.1 防止变压器出口短路事故...........................................................................................123 12.2 防止变压器绝缘事故...................................................................................................124 12.3 防止变压器保护事故...................................................................................................125 12.4 防止分接开关事故.......................................................................................................125 12.5 防止变压器套管事故...................................................................................................126 12.6 防止冷却系统事故.......................................................................................................126 12.7 防止变压器火灾事故...................................................................................................126 12.8 防止互感器事故...........................................................................................................127 13 防止开关设备事故的重点要求..............................................................................................129 13.1 防止气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备（GIS、包括 HGIS）、SF6断路器事故...........129 13.2 防止敞开式隔离开关、接地开关事故.......................................................................134 13.3 防止高压开关柜事故...................................................................................................135 14 防止接地网和过电压事故的重点要求..................................................................................137 14.1 防止接地网事故...........................................................................................................137 14.2 防止雷电过电压事故...................................................................................................139 14.3 防止变压器过电压事故...............................................................................................140 14.4 防止谐振过电压事故...................................................................................................141 14.5 防止弧光接地过电压事故...........................................................................................141 14.6 防止无间隙金属氧化物避雷器事故...........................................................................142 14.7 防止避雷针事故...........................................................................................................142 15 防止架空输电线路事故的重点要求......................................................................................143 15.1 防止倒塔（杆）事故...................................................................................................143 15.2 防止断线事故............................................................................................................... 145 15.3 防止绝缘子和金具断裂事故.......................................................................................145 15.4 防止风偏闪络事故.......................................................................................................146 15.5 防止覆冰、舞动事故...................................................................................................147 15.6 防止鸟害闪络事故.......................................................................................................148 15.7 防止外力破坏事故.......................................................................................................149 15.8 防止“三跨”事故............................................................................................................150 16 防止污闪事故的重点要求......................................................................................................152 17 防止电力电缆损坏事故的重点要求......................................................................................154 17.1 防止电缆绝缘击穿事故...............................................................................................154 17.2 防止电缆火灾事故.......................................................................................................156 17.3 防止外力破坏和设施被盗...........................................................................................158 18 防止继电保护及安全自动装置事故的重点要求..................................................................159 18.1 规划设计阶段的重点要求...........................................................................................159 18.2 继电保护配置的重点要求...........................................................................................162 18.3 调试及检验的重点要求...............................................................................................165 IV 18.4 运行管理阶段的重点要求...........................................................................................166 18.5 定值管理的重点要求...................................................................................................168 18.6 二次回路的重点要求...................................................................................................169 18.7 智能变电站继电保护的重点要求...............................................................................173 19 防止电力自动化系统、电力监控系统网络安全、电力通信网及信息系统事故的重点要求174 19.1 防止电力自动化系统事故.......................................................................