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2018年上半年中小学教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力试题（高级中学） 注意事项 1．考试时间 120 分钟，满分 150 分。 2．请按规定时间在填涂、作答。在试卷上作答无效，不予评分。 一、单项选择题（本大题共 30 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案，请用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1. The sound of “ch” in “teacher” is . A. voiceless, post-alveolar, and affricative B. voiceless, dental, and fricative C. voiced, dental, and fricative D. voiced, post-alveolar, and plosive 2. The main difference between /m/, /n/, and / ŋ / lies in . A. manner of articulation B. sound duration C. place of articulation D. voicing 3. She is , from her recording, the diaries of Simon an. A. transcribingB. keeping C. paraphrasingD. recollecting 4. Neither the unpleasant experiences nor the bad luck him discouraged. A. have causedB. has caused C. has madeD. have made 5. Mr. Joe has worked very hard in the past two years and has paid all his debts the last penny. A. byB. to C. untilD. with 6. The message came to the villagers the enemy had already fled the village. A. which B. who C. that D. where 7. We must improve the farming we may get high yields. A. in case B. in order that C. now that 8. Do you mind if I smoke here . D. even if A. Yes, I don t B. Yes, you may C. No, not at all D. Yes, 1 won’t 9. What is the main rhetoric device used in “The plowman homeward plods his weary way.” A. Metaphor.B. Metonymy. C. Synecdoche.D. Transferred epithet. 10. A Let’s go to the movie tonight. B I’d like to, But I have to study for an exam. In the conversation above, B’s decline of the proposal is categorized as a kind of . A. illocutionary act B. perlocutionary act C. propositional condition D. sincerity condition 11. Which of the following activities is NOT typical of the Task-Based Language Teaching A. Problem-solving activities. B. Opinion exchange activities. C. Ination-gap activities. D. Pattern practice activities. 12. If a teacher shows students how to do an activity before they start doing it, he/she is using the technique of . A. presentation B. demonstration C. elicitation D. uation 13. When a teacher asks students to discuss how a text is organized, he/she is most likely to help them . A. uate the content of the text B. analyze the structure of the passage C. understand the intention of the writer D. distinguish the facts from the opinions 14. Which of the following practices can encourage students to read an article critically A. uating its point of view. B. Finding out the facts. C. Finding detailed ination. D. Doing translation rcises. 15. Which of the following is a display question used by teachers in class A. If you were the girl in the story, would you behave like her B. Do you like this story Girl the Thumb, why or why not C. Do you agree that the girl was a kind-hearted persen D. What happened to the girl at the end of the story 16. Which of the following would a teacher encourage students to do in order to develop their cognitive strategies A. To make a study plan. B. To summarize a story. C. To read a text aloud. D. To do pattem drills. 17. Which of the following rcises would a teacher most probably use if he/she wants to help students develop discourse competence A. Paraphrasing sentences. B. Translating sentences. C. Unscrambling sentences. D. Transing sentences. 18. The advantages of pair and group work include all of the following EXCEPT . A. interaction with peers B. variety and dynamism C. an increase in language practice D. opportunities to guarantee accuracy 19. Which of the following should a teacher avoid when his/her focus is on developing students’ ability to use words appropriately A. Teaching both the spoken and written . B. Teaching words in context and giving examples. C. Presenting the , meaning, and use of a word. D. Asking students to memorize bilingual word lists. 20. Which of the following practices is most likely to encourage students’ cooperation in learning A. Doing a project B. Having a dictation C. Taking a test D. Copying a text 阅读 Passage 1, 完成第 2125 小题。 Passage 1 Today’s adults grew up in schools designed to sort us into the various segments of our social and economic system. The amount of time available to learn was fixed one year per grade. The amount learned by the end of that time was free to vary some of us learned a great deal; some, very little. As we advanced through the grades, those who had learned a great deal in previous grades continued to build on those foundations. Those who had failed to master the early prerequisites with-in the allotted time failed to learn that which followed. After 12 or 13 years of cumulative treatment of this kind, we were, in effect, spread along an achievement continuum that was ultimately reflected in each student’s rank in class upon graduation. From the very earliest grades, some students learned a great deal very quickly and consistently scored high on assessments. The emotional effect of this was to help them to see themselves as capable learners, and so these students became increasingly confident in school. That confidence gave them the inner emotional strength to take the risk of striving for more success because they believed that success was within their reach. Driven forward by this optimism, these students continued to try hard, and that effort continued to result in success for them. They became the academic and emotional winners. Notice that the trigger for their emotional strength and their learning success was their perception of their success on al and inal assessments. But there were other students who didn’t fare so well. They scored very low on tests, beginning in the earliest grades. The emotional effect was to cause them to question their own capabilities as learners. They began to lose confidence, which, in turn, deprived them of the emotional reserves needed to continue to take risks. As their motivation warned, of course, their perance plummeted. These students embarked on what they believed to be an irreversible slide toward inevitable failure and lost hope. Once again, the emotional trigger for their decision not to try was their perception of their perance on assessments. Consider the reality-indeed, the paradox-of the schools in which we were reared. If some students worked hard and learned a lot, that was a positive result, and they would finish high in the rank order. But if some students gave up in hopeless failure, that was an acceptable result, too, because they would occupy places very low in the rank order. Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools the greater the spread of achievement among students, the more it reinforced the rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying even dropped out of school. that was regarded as the student’s problem, not the teacher’s or the school’s. Once again, please notice who is using test results to decide whether to strive for excellence or give up in hopelessness. The “data-based decision makers” in this process are students themselves. Students are deciding whether success is within or beyond reach, whether the learning is worth the required effort, and so whether to try or not. The critical emotions underpinning the decision making porocess include anxiety, fear of failure, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take risks-all triggered by students’ perceptions of their own capabilities as reflected in assessment results. Some students responded to the demands of such environments by working hard and learning a great deal. Others controlled their anxiety by giving up and not caring. The result for them is exactly the opposite of the one society wants. Instead of leaving no child behind, these practices, in effect, drove down the achievement of at least as many students as they successfully elevated. And the evidence suggests that the downside victims are more frequently members of particular socioeconomic and ethnic minoritie. 21. What has made students spread along an achievement continuum according to the passage A. The allotted time to learn. B. Social and economic system. C. The early prerequisites students mastered. D. Perance on al and inal assessments. 22. What is the authors attitude towards the old mission of assessment A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Neutral. 23. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ plummeted” in Paragraph 3 A. Punished timely. B. Spread widely. C. Continued gradually. D. Dropped sharply. 24. Which of the following describes the paradox of the schools A. Discrepancy between what they say and what they do. B. Differences between teacher’s problems and schools’ problems. C. Advantages and disadvantages of students’ learning opportunities. D. Students’ perception and the reality of their perance on assessments. 25. Which of the following will be triggered by the assessment results according to the passage A. Students’ learning efforts. B. leaving-no-child-behind policy. C. Socioeconomic and ethnic ranking. D. Social disapproval of schools’ mission. 阅读 Passage 2, 完成 2630 小题。 Passage 2 Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers’ voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further they have found that newborns cry in their native language. “We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,” says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wrzburg, Germany, who led the research. “The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,” said Wermke. “Contrary to orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants’ crying for seeding language development.” It had been thought that babies’ cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical. “The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,” says Wermke. This study refutes that claim since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control presumably unconscious over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that’s what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat’s sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn’t get that memo. “German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,” the scientists point out. “The French newborns produce ‘nonphysiological’ rising patterns,” showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. Although phonemes-speech sounds such as “ki” or “sh” don’t cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of mom’s voice and the melodic signature of her language. The idea of the study wasn’t to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns “not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [sound] production,” conclude the scientists. Newborns’ “cries are already tuned toward their native language,” giving them a head start on sounding French or German or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else the scientists are collecting cries from more languages. This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language thank you, Noam Chomsky, but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age. that’s when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that’s the beginning of true speech. It’s sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry she’s practicing to acquire language. 26. What does Kathleen wermke’s research indicate A. Babies are unable to do vocal imitation. B. Babies’ cries could be their early language acquisition. C. Babies start speech acquisition months after their birth. D. A crying baby is a crying baby no matter what the culture is. 27. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ambient” in Paragraph 2 A. Surrounding. B. Familiar. C. Foreign. D. Local. 28. Why do German and French babies produce different types of cries according to the research A. Because they can control what they hear. B. Because they can control their different breathing patterns. C. Because they don’t share the same physiological structure. D. Because they can somehow control their sound production. 29. When does language acquisition begin according to the research A. It begins with the birth of a baby B. It begins before the birth of a baby. C. It begins when a baby starts imitating adults’ speech. D. It begins with a baby’s cry melodies typical of its mother tongue. 30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph A. Babies’cries have long been the concerns of scientists. B. Babies start their speech acquisition at the age of three months. C. Studying babies’ cries helps us understand their speech perception. D. Babies’ true speech, rather than their cries, should be the focus of study. 二、 简答题（本大题 1 小题, 20 分） 根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。 31. 简述思维导图（mind mapping）的含义（4 分）及其两个用途（6 分），写出教师在课堂教学中运用思维导图的三点注意事项（6 分），并举一例说明思维导图的用法（4 分）。 三、 教学情境分析题（本大题 1 小题，30 分） 根据题目要求完成下列任务, 用中文作答。 32.下面片段选自某高中英语课堂教学实录。 T Good morming. boys and girls. We talked about some verbs yesterday. Now I’d like to see whether you have learned to use them. A
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