凉水井煤矿浅埋薄基岩综采面顶板来压机理及其控制研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 凉水井煤矿浅埋薄基岩综采面顶板来压机 理及其控制研究 Study on Pressure Mechanism and Control of Shallow-buried and Fully-Mechanized Working Face in Liangshuijing Coal Mine 作 者曹启正 导 师徐 营 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一八年五月 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD） 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所 撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为 教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规， 同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公 开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 凉水井煤矿浅埋薄基岩综采面顶板来压机理及其 控制研究 Study on Pressure Mechanism and Control of Shallow-buried and Fully-Mechanized Working Face in Liangshuijing Coal Mine 作 者 曹启正 导 师 徐营 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩石力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 李桂臣 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一八年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 论文是在导师徐营副教授的认真负责和悉心指导下完成的。可以说，从毕 业论文开题、原始资料收集到行文思路理顺、篇章框架结构形成，再到写作过 程中的具体问题解答、论文最终成稿，都倾注了导师许多的心血和辛勤的汗水， 毕业之际，特向徐老师表示崇高的敬意和由衷的谢意。徐老师豪迈大气且宽宏 细致、坦荡直率并睿智沉稳、严谨治学如春风化雨。导师兢兢业业、严谨求实 的治学精神和平易近人、谦恭昂扬的人生态度是带给我永远的宝贵精神财富， 百尺竿头我也当愈加奋发。 感谢柏建彪教授在我读研期间提供的帮助，柏老师不仅在学术上给予了精 心的指导，而且在生活中给予了无微不至的关怀，在此谨向柏老师表示衷心的 感谢。感谢课题组王襄禹老师、闫帅老师和陈勇老师在科研、处事等各个方面 的关心和帮助。 感谢课题组各位师兄弟在论文研究过程中给予的热心帮助。感谢凉水井煤 矿各位技术人员在现场给予的大力支持与协助。 在此论文写完之际，感谢我的父母、哥嫂和女朋友，你们多年来的理解、 鼓励、支持和默默付出是我永远的人生动力。 最后，谨向所有参加论文评阅、答辩的专家、学者致以最诚挚的谢意。 曹启正 2018 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 本文以凉水井煤矿 42111 综采面为工程背景，对榆神矿区浅埋薄基岩综采 面顶板矿压显现规律及覆岩来压机理进行了分析研究，综合应用理论分析、数 值计算及现场实测等手段，从现场矿压规律和支架工况实测研究入手，建立了 覆岩结构稳定性模型并进行了顶板破断来压机理的力学解析，在浅埋薄基岩综 采面覆岩垮落过程、应力演化特征的研究基础上，揭示了 42111 综采面覆岩双 关键层结构顶板来压机理及来压特征， 针对性地分析了采场支架合理工作阻力、 提出了煤壁片帮防治技术，论文主要取得了以下研究成果 （1）根据 42111 综采面现场矿压实测，分析了支架阻力的变化特性和分布 规律，研究了初次来压和周期来压期间的顶板垮落步距，初步得到凉水井煤矿 浅埋薄基岩采场的矿压显现特征，即初次来压剧烈、存在大小周期来压现象。 （2） 基于关键层理论和板理论， 建立了浅埋薄基岩采场覆岩结构力学模型， 引入了最大允许下沉量，从力学条件和空间条件两方面分析得到了 42111 综采 面双关键层顶板运动规律。双关键层结构的同步破断合理解释了大小周期来压 现象的出现，顶板来压强度、应力分布及煤壁片帮等主要受直接顶特性、双关 键层夹层厚度、推进速度及采高等因素影响。 （3）通过数值模拟，揭示了 42111 综采面初次来压和周期来压期间的覆岩 破断运移规律和围岩应力演化过程。工作面回采后，依次发生直接顶冒落、下 位关键层破断和双关键层同步破断，煤壁超前支承压力最大达 10.34Mpa，采空 区支承压力峰值大致趋于 7.5MPa，覆岩裂隙呈“孕育-张裂-压实-传递”演化过 程，直至充分采动后采空区上方形成沉降盆地。工作面中部垂直应力明显大于 端部，应力分布曲线形状大致为开口向下的抛物线。 （4）利用防止双关键层结构大来压和防止滑落失稳分析法，确定了合理的 液压支架支护阻力，说明现场所选 ZY12000/20/40D 型两柱掩护式支架符合要 求。支架适应性实测显示，支架对顶板发挥了充分的支撑作用，型号、指标的 选择较为合理。 （5）42111 综采面煤壁片帮主要受地质因素、推进速度、支架工况及矿山 压力等影响，应当从优化工作面回采工序、改善液压支架工况及做好工作面重 点回采阶段的片帮防治工作等方面进行综合治理。 该论文有图 58 幅，表 23 个，参考文献 93 篇。 关键词关键词凉水井煤矿；浅埋薄基岩；来压机理；顶板控制 万方数据 II Abstract Based on the 42111 coal face of Liangshuijing Coal Mine, this paper analyzed the strata behavior law and weighting mechanism in shallow coal seam with thin bedrock of Yushen mining area. Theoretical analysis, physical experiment, numerical calculation and field measurement were used in the thesis. Starting from establishing stability model of overlying strata, mechanical analysis and experimental verification of roof weighting mechanism, the thesis analysed roof caving process and stress evolution characteristics. The reasonable support resistance and rib spalling preventing-and-controlling technology were analyzed. Finally, field weighting law and support efficacy were measured. Main conclusions were as follows （1）According to field measurement of 42111 coal face, the characteristics and distribution of support resistance were analyzed. The roof length during initial weighting and periodic weighting was studied. The shallow thin bedrock mining in Liangshuijing coal mine was initially obtained. The general characteristics of field pressure appearing in the field, that is, the initial pressure is intense, there are large and small cycles to pressure phenomenon. （2）Based on the theory of key-stratum and plate, it is determined that there are two key layers of 42111 coal face on the condition of mechanics and space. The double-key-layer structure would occur composite fracture while weighting. The weighting intensity, stress distribution and the phenomenon of rib spalling were mainly affected by the features of immeadiate roof, the thickness of interlayer and mining height. （3）Through numerical simulation, it reveals the law of fracture and migration of overlying strata and the stress evolution process of surrounding rock during the initial weighting and period weighting in 42111 coal face. As working face moving forward, immediate roof, lower key-strata and upper key-strata composite fracture occurred in turn. Due to repeated loading and plastic deation, maximum vertical stress would be 10.34MPa and the other side about 7.5MPa. Until fully mining, the plane of basic roof and surface would diffuse to a“ bowl-shaped” basin. In the lengthwise direction of the working face, the vertical stress in the middle of the working face is obviously larger than the two ends due to the horizontal extrusion and longitudinal deation of the rock mass at two ends, and the shape of stress distribution curve is approximately a parabola with an 万方数据 III opening downward. （4）Through preventing composital fracture calculation and anti-sliding and to calculate the required hydraulic support work resistance. The selected ZY12000/20/40D two-column cover hydraulic support could meet the requirements. The adaptability of the support shows support resistance was basically distributed within the rated range, and there is a certain degree of affluence, indicating that the suppor to play a full role. The practice of 42111 face showed that the choice of support was suitable. （5）Rib spalling of 42111 working face was mainly affected by geological factors, propulsion speed, support conditions and mining pressure. The optimizing of mining process, improving of support working conditions and prevention work during key mining stage should be done. There are 58 figures, 23 tables and 93 references. Keywords Liangshuijing coal mine; Shallow bedrock; Pressure Mechanism; Roof Control 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................ XII 变量注释表变量注释表 .............................................................................................................. XIV 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究内容及方法 ..................................................................................................... 7 2 凉水井矿凉水井矿 42111 综采面矿压显现规律实测研究综采面矿压显现规律实测研究 .................................................... 8 2.1 矿井概况 ................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 42111 综采面概况 ................................................................................................. 10 2.3 矿压观测设计 ....................................................................................................... 12 2.4 工作面初次来压规律 ........................................................................................... 14 2.5 工作面周期来压规律 ........................................................................................... 19 2.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 26 3 浅埋采场覆岩结构稳定性分析浅埋采场覆岩结构稳定性分析 ............................................................................. 28 3.1 覆岩关键层判别 ................................................................................................... 28 3.2 顶板破断步距的力学分析 ................................................................................... 30 3.3 顶板破断的空间条件分析 ................................................................................... 34 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 37 4 覆岩结构对覆岩结构对 42111 综采面顶板来压规律的影响研究综采面顶板来压规律的影响研究 .......................................... 39 4.1 概述 ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.2 覆岩破断运移规律研究 ....................................................................................... 40 4.3 围岩应力演化特征研究 ....................................................................................... 48 4.4 42111 综采面覆岩来压特征分析 ......................................................................... 55 4.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 59 5 42111 综采面矿压控制技术研究综采面矿压控制技术研究 ............................................................................ 60 万方数据 V 5.1 42111 综采面液压支架阻力分析 ......................................................................... 60 5.2 42111 综采面煤壁片帮防治技术研究 ................................................................. 68 5.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 75 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 77 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 79 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 85 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 86 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 87 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XII List of Variables ....................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 3 1.3 Research Content and s ............................................................................... 7 2 Field Measurement and Analysis about Strata Behavior of 42111 Coal Face in Liangshuijing Mine ...................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Whole Survey of Liangshuijing Coal Mine ............................................................. 8 2.2 Geological Conditions of 42111 Coal Face ........................................................... 10 2.3 Implementing Scheme of Mining Pressure in 42111 Coal Face ............................ 12 2.4 Strata Behavior during First Weighting ................................................................. 14 2.5 Strata Behavior during Periodic Weighting ........................................................... 19 2.6 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 26 3 Mechanical Analysis of Structural Stability on Roof Strata in Shallow Coal Seam ............................................................................................................................ 28 3.1 Discrimination of Key Strata among Overburden ................................................. 28 3.2 Analysis on Fracture length of Roof Strsta ............................................................ 30 3.3 Analysis of Spatial Conditions of Roof Pressure ................................................... 34 3.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 37 4 Numerical Simulation Research on Structural Influence of Roof Mechanism in 42111 Coal Face ...................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 39 4.2 Study on Law of Strata Movement in 42111 Coal Face ........................................ 40 4.3 Evolution Characteristics of Stress Field in 42111 Coal Face ............................... 48 4.4 Feature Analysis on Roof Weighting in 42111 Coal Face ..................................... 55 万方数据 VII 4.5 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 59 5 Research on Control Technology of Mining Pressure in 42111 Coal Face ......... 60 5.1 Theoretic and Statistical Analysis on Reasonable Hydraulic Support Resistance of 42111 Coal Face ...................................................................................................... 60 5.2 Prevention Technology of Rib Spalling in 42111 Coal Face ................................. 68 5.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 75 6 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................... 77 References ................................................................................................................... 79 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 85 Declaration of Thesis Originality.............................................................................. 86 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 87 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 浅埋采场来压覆岩表现形态 2 Figure 1-1 Morphological Features of Overburden Duri