煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆加固效果的研究.pdf

分 类 号 TD353 密级公开 单 位代码10878 学号20143301118 硕硕士士专专业业学学位位论论文文 （ 全日 制）（ 全日 制） 论论 文文题题 目目煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆 加固效果的研究加固效果的研究 专业学位类别专业学位类别工工程程硕士硕士 专业学位领域专业学位领域建筑与土木工程建筑与土木工程 研研 究究方方 向向煤矿与地下空间煤矿与地下空间 作作 者者姓姓 名名刘形形刘形形 导导 师师姓姓 名名杨自友杨自友 完完 成成时时 间间2016 年年 3 月月 万方数据 煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆加固效果的研煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆加固效果的研究究 Research on Reinforcement Efficiency of Different Anchorage Parameters in Large Roadway of Coal Mine Transportation 论论 文文题题 目目煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆 加固效果的研究加固效果的研究 专业学位类别专业学位类别工工程程硕士硕士 专业学位领域专业学位领域建筑与土木工程建筑与土木工程 研研 究究方方 向向煤矿与地下空间煤矿与地下空间 作作 者者姓姓 名名刘形形刘形形 导导 师师姓姓 名名杨自友杨自友 完完 成成时时 间间2016 年年 3 月月 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 I 摘要 在煤巷地下工程中，巷道巷帮容易发生冒顶、底鼓，顶板的塌落也极其的常 见。随着矿井开采深度逐渐增加，巷道和采场的地应力水平也越来越高，巷道围 岩的变形程度严重，破坏规律复杂。锚杆支护技术作为矿井巷道及其他地下工程 支护的主要的支护形式，在保证巷道稳定方面起着重要的作用。 本文的岩样取自恒昇煤矿一采区岩石运输大巷，在现场进行数据的收集和整 理，在实验室中对岩样进行了实验分析，得到了岩样的在单轴压缩和三轴压缩两 种情况下的应力-应变曲线。同时利用 FLAC3D 软件，建立巷道模型，研究锚杆的 长度和间距改变时，巷道的应力、位移和塑性区的变化规律，分析锚杆对巷道围 岩的加固效果，得到不同长度的锚杆间距改变时对于提高巷道的应力、限制洞室 的变形、提高围岩静载能力的影响。论文的主要研究结论如下 （1）结合现有的岩石力学、弹性力学等比较成熟的研究成果，以拱形巷道为 模型，分别对其进行受力状态和破坏模式的分析，通过力学模型计算所得拱形巷 道围岩应力表达式，应用 FLAC3D 中的 Fish 语言编制代码，嵌入到数值模拟程序 中进行计算分析。 （2）介绍了锚杆锚固的特点、锚杆选型的基本原则、锚杆的锚固机理以及锚 杆和围岩的相互关系。分析巷道围岩的锚杆支护和锚固参数，得到锚固长度不同 时的锚杆-围岩的作用机理，和任意的一点压应力的值。在进行巷道锚杆支护的设 计中，锚杆支护参数的确定十分重要，根据塑性圈理论，推导出了锚固巷道时锚 杆长度的计算公式，通过分析力学模型，推导出了锚固巷道时锚杆的间距的计算 公式。 （3）进行数值模拟物理力学参数实验，对岩样的物理力学性质进行了测定， 主要内容包括单轴和三轴压缩的应力-应变曲线、抗压抗拉强度和变形模量等， 根据测出的石灰岩的做出莫尔圆，同时测定了煤样的坚固性系数。对 FLAC3D 软 件和基本的工作原理进行了介绍，建立巷道模型，依据应力云图，分析了在静载 作用下，锚杆的长度在 3m，6m，9m 时，间距分别为 30cm，60cm，90cm 锚固时 的塑性破坏区、位移及垂直及应力云图的变化情况，得到应力和位移的关系，塑 性区和位移的关系，进而总结了巷道围岩应力的应力变化情况、水平位移变化情 况和塑性区变化情况，得到进行巷道支护时，选用合理的锚杆长度和间距，才能 取得良好的支护效果。 （4）制定采区岩石运输大巷矿压观测方案，进行现场实测，观测大巷顶底板 和两帮的移近速度，大巷顶底板和两帮的移近量。验证选用锚杆长度为 3m，锚距 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 II 为 30cm 的锚固参数对此煤矿大巷进行锚固，但该矿从节约支护成本角度出发，现 采用 60cm 锚杆间距加固一采区运输大巷。 关键词关键词巷道；锚杆参数；数值模拟；FLAC3D 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 III Abstract In the underground engineering of coal roadway, roof caving roadway lane easily occurred, the bass drum and roof of the cave is extremely common. The mining depth of mine now is increasing; roadway and stope ground stress level is becoming more and more high, and degree of deation of surrounding rock of roadway is serious and complex failure. As minelaneway bolting technology and other underground engineering supporting the main supporting , bolting technology is playing an important role in the safety of roadway. In this paper, the sample is taken from the working face of heng sheng grass ditch coal mine about the transportation roadway of the first rock mining area. Data collection and sorting is completed on the scene, and the sample is analyzed in the laboratory, we acquire the rock specimen in uniaxial compression and triaxial compression stress - strain curves of two kinds of circumstances. At the same time, Roadway model is established by Flac3D to research the change law of stress, displacement and plastic zone of roadway with the change of anchor length and the distance, the analysis of surrounding rock of roadway anchor reinforcement effect, different length of anchor when change the spacing to improve the stress of the roadway, limit deation, improve the surrounding rock of caverns, the effects of static load. Main research results of the paper are as follows 1 Combined with the existing rock mechanics, mechanics of elasticity and the mature research results, respectively arched tunnel model are used to analyze the stress state and failure model separately, in the end, introduced the calculation ula of stress value and get the anchoring parameters which make influences on the stability of roadway. Embedded the language code which get from FLAC3D in Fish to the simulation program to calculate and analyze. 2 The characteristics of the anchor rod anchor are introduced as well as the basic principles of selection, anchor of anchor rod mechanism and the relationship between bolt and surrounding rock. Analysis of surrounding rock of roadway bolt support and the anchorage parameters is done, with the mechanism of the surrounding rock under the different length of anchor rod anchor and the location of the arbitrary point of compressive stress state. In carries on the design of anchor supporting of 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 IV roadway, the most value of roof bolt support parameters calculation, cause in the lane to help anchor supporting applications lack the necessary theoretical basis. It is very important to determine the bolting parameters in design in the bolt supporting, deduce the anchor bolt length ula in roadway according to the plastic circle theory, and deduce the anchor spacing in roadway by analyzing mechanical model. 3 The physicalandmechanical parameters are numericallysimulated experiment. The physical and mechanical properties of rock sample was determined. The main contents can be included as follows uniaxial and triaxial compression stress-strain curve, compressive tensile strength and modulus of deation. According to the measured buhrstone, the limestone Mohrs circle is made, and the consistence coefficient of coal sample is measured at the same time. FLAC3D and the basic working principle are introduced, roadway model is set up, according to the stress nephogram, under static load is analyzed, and the length of the anchor rod in 3 m, 6m, 9m, spacing, respectively, to 30cm, 60cm, 90cm anchorage of the plastic damage area, and the vertical displacement and stress changes of the cloud, we get that the relationship between stress and displacement, plastic zone and the relationship between the displacement, and summarizes the change of the stress of the roadway surrounding rock stress changes, the change of the horizontal displacement and plastic zone, get for roadway support, choose reasonable anchor length and spacing can achieve good supporting effect. 4 Developed a observational plan of a mining area rock transportation tunnel by on-site measurement to observe the closer speed and the mount of roadway roof and floor and two help. It is fulfill requirements to guarantee the stability of the roadway in anchored which anchor length is 3m and anchor distance is 30cm. But from the perspective of cost-saving, using the 60cm bolt spacing Reinforcing the transportation alleys located in the one mining are. Keywords roadway; bolt parameter; numerical simulation; FLAC3D 、 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 V 目录 摘要..................................................................................................................................................I Abstract.................................................................................................................................................. III 第一章绪论.........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 论文研究的目的、意义和背景............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 论文研究的目的和意义.............................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 论文研究的背景.......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状及现存的问题............................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 国内外研究现状.......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 现存的问题...................................................................................................................5 1.3 本文研究的主要内容和方法................................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 本文主要研究内容...................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 本文的研究方法.......................................................................................................... 6 第二章 拱形巷道周边围岩的力学特性分析......................................................................................8 2.1 建立力学模型..........................................................................................................................8 2.2 巷道岩体层间的受力分析..................................................................................................... 9 2.3 破坏机理分析........................................................................................................................11 2.5 本章小结................................................................................................................................13 第三章 巷道围岩的锚杆支护及锚固参数的优化............................................................................15 3.1 锚杆支护................................................................................................................................15 3.1.1 锚杆锚固的定义和特点............................................................................................ 15 3.1.2 锚杆选型的基本原则................................................................................................ 15 3.2 锚杆的锚固原理....................................................................................................................16 3.2.1 锚杆锚固力.................................................................................................................16 3.2.2 锚固机理.....................................................................................................................17 3.2.3 锚杆与围岩的相互作用关系....................................................................................17 3.3 不同锚杆长度下锚杆力学性质分析...................................................................................18 3.3.1 锚杆-围岩的作用机理...............................................................................................18 3.3.2 锚杆受力分析............................................................................................................ 19 3.4 锚杆间距的理论计算........................................................................................................... 23 3.4.1 垂直压力.............................................................................................................................23 3.4.2 两帮应力.....................................................................................................................25 3.4.3 锚杆间距.....................................................................................................................26 3.5 本章小结................................................................................................................................27 第四章 数值模拟物理力学性能参数试验........................................................................................28 4.1 岩样来源介绍........................................................................................................................28 4.2 实验过程................................................................................................................................28 4.3 本章小结................................................................................................................................35 第五章 运输大巷移动破坏的 FLAC3D 数值模拟分析...................................................................36 5.1 FLAC3D 软件介绍................................................................................................................ 36 5.2 FLAC3D 的基本原理............................................................................................................ 37 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 VI 5.2.1 有限差分法.................................................................................................................37 5.2.2 混合离散法.................................................................................................................37 5.2.3 数值计算过程............................................................................................................ 38 5.3 巷道破坏计算的模型的建立............................................................................................... 40 5.4 模拟结果分析........................................................................................................................42 5.4.1 应力分析云图............................................................................................................ 42 5.4.2 位移分析云图............................................................................................................ 53 5.4.3 塑性区分析云图........................................................................................................ 58 5.4.4 应力与位移的关系.................................................................................................... 62 5.4.5 塑性区与位移的关系................................................................................................ 63 5.5 本章小结................................................................................................................................63 第六章 现场矿压观测研究........................................................................................................ 65 6.1 生产技术条件................................................................................................................65 6.2 矿压观测方案................................................................................................................66 6.3 矿压观测结果的分析................................................................................................... 66 6.4 小结................................................................................................................................69 第七章 结论与展望.............................................................................................................................70 7.1 结论........................................................................................................................................70 7.2 展望........................................................................................................................................71 参考文献...............................................................................................................................................72 致谢.......................................................................................................................................................75 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文 VII 插图清单 图 2-1 拱形巷道岩层状岩体结构示意图........................................................................................... 8 图 2-2 叠层悬臂梁岩层间作用力传递关系示意图...........................................................................9 图 2-3 第 n 层岩层受力图..................................................................................................................10 图 2-4 悬臂岩梁荷载的分布图......................................................................................................... 11 图 2-5 悬臂岩梁剪切破坏的位置示意图.........................................................................................13 图 3-1 锚杆-围岩受力曲线................................................................................................................18 图 3-2 锚杆-围岩力学模型.....................................................................................