基于光纤光栅传感技术的围岩三维应力监测方法研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 基于光纤光栅传感技术的围岩三维 应力监测方法研究 Study on Monitoring of Three- dimensional Stress in Surrounding Rock Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Technology 作 者刘兴国 导 师方新秋 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一八年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD326 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于光纤光栅传感技术的围岩三维 应力监测方法研究 Study on Monitoring of Three-dimensional Stress in Surrounding Rock Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Technology 作 者 刘兴国 导 师 方新秋教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 智能化开采 答辩委员会主席 马立强 评 阅 人 二○一八年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 时光如梭，转眼间研究生三年马上就要过去了，回顾这三年时光，对我帮助 最大的就是我的导师方新秋教授。在此，特向方老师深鞠一躬，表达我由衷的感 谢。 认识方老师是在五年前上大二的时候了， 当时为了申请大学生科技创新项目 找到了方老师，您为我们悉心讲解专业知识的场景我现在还记忆尤深，是您平易 近人的工作作风、诲人不倦的教学态度、一丝不苟、务实创新的科研精神深深地 感染并激励着我在研究生阶段刻苦专研、认真学习。从论文选题到定稿，无不凝 聚着您的悉心指导，您每一次给我提出研究思路和修改意见，都使我有醍醐灌顶 之感。您认真负责的态度、开拓创新的思维方法以及深厚的学术功底为我等学生 树立了学习的榜样。 本文的完成也离不开众多师兄弟的帮助，感谢同门师兄弟薛广哲、梁敏富、 吴刚、陈宁宁，马盟，冯裕堂，卢海洋，谷超等诸多实验室师兄弟门的支持与帮 助，同时感谢好友孙波洋一直以来的相伴以及论文写作过程中为我提供的帮助。 感谢培养和教育我的母校中国矿业大学， 为我提供优越的学习平台和学习 资源，我会在今后的学习和生活中，不断提高和完善自己，以回报母校、导师和 所有关心我的人。 论文得到中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（2014ZDPY22、 2017CXNL01） 、江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD） （SZBF2011-6- B35） 、江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才培养资助项目（2014-ZBZZ-008） ，在 此表示感谢。 感谢父母辛勤养育了我，教会我做人做事的道理，在我最迷茫无助的时候理 解我并坚定的支持我。在此祝愿我的父母生活幸福，健康长寿 最后，感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本文，由于作者水平有限，错误 和疏漏之处在所难免，恳请批评和指正。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 在煤矿安全开采过程中， 岩体应力状态研究对揭示巷道围岩应力场分布特征 及演化规律、研究煤岩动力灾害以及巷道支护设计至关重要。现有的监测方法主 要监测垂直应力，无法实现三维应力监测，且这些仪器多采用电式传感，存在抗 电磁干扰能力差、精度低、长期稳定性差等缺点，不能满足矿井三维应力状态监 测的要求。本论文根据流变应力恢复理论和光纤光栅轴向应力敏感的特性，提出 了一种基于光纤光栅传感技术的围岩三维应力监测方法， 根据该监测方法原理研 发了立方体形的三维应力光纤光栅传感器， 并通过数值计算和物理实验校验了其 精度与可靠性。 本文介绍的三维应力光纤光栅传感器结构是在立方体基体的 6 个面沿特定 方向分别布置 1 个光纤光栅作为传感元件。通过建立三维应力传感器的力学模 型，引入三维空间任意一条直线方向应变公式，推导出三维应力传感器各光纤光 栅应变监测值与三维应力之间的数值关系， 并结合光纤光栅应变测量的基本理论， 推导出各个光纤光栅反射波长漂移量与三维应力状态参数之间的系数矩阵。 通过 ANSYS Workbench 仿真软件建立了传感器的数值分析模型， 分别分析了 围岩三维光纤光栅应力传感器在单轴载荷和静水压力下的传感特性， 分析了各光 纤光栅、传感器基体的应变分布，并根据数值模拟得到的光纤光栅应变，计算得 三维应力值与理论值基本一致， 误差小于 1，验证了其结构的合理性。 建立了传 感器嵌入围岩测量应力的数值分析模型，通过分析传感器对围岩的扰动场，研究 选定了最佳基体材料，并给出了特定条件下传感器测得应力与实际应力的比值。 传感器各光纤光栅变形量与单轴压载荷存在线性关系，依据传感器此特性， 以单轴压缩实验代替三轴压缩实验对传感器传感性能进行测试。分别沿 X、Y、Z 轴向对传感器进行单轴循环加载，进行传感器性能测试，试验测试结果表明在 外载荷的作用下传感器显示出良好的重复性和线性度；传感器对 X、Y、Z 轴应力 灵敏度分别为 25.51，25.97 和 24.86 pm/MPa。测量应力相对误差小于 4，能满 足围岩应力测量精度要求。 该论文有图 52 幅，表 8 个，参考文献 76 篇。 关键词关键词围岩；三维应力传感器；光纤光栅；有限元分析；性能测试 万方数据 II Abstract During the process of coal mining, the study of the stress state of rock mass is of very significance to reveal the distribution characteristics and the evolution law of the surrounding rock stress field as well as roadway support design. The existing monitoring s mainly monitor the vertical stress and cannot realize the three- dimensional stress monitoring, and these instruments adopt electrical sensing with the disadvantages of poor ability to resist electromagnetic interference, low precision and poor long-term stability, and cannot meet the requirements of the monitoring of three- dimensional stress state of mine. Based on rheological stress recovery theory and Characteristics of axial stress sensitivity of fiber Bragg gratings, this thesis proposed FBG-based stress monitoring for surrounding rock, and by employing this monitoring theory, FBG Three-dimensional stress sensor of cube was developed and verified its accuracy and reliability with numerical simulation and physical experiment. The structure of FBG three-dimensional stress sensor introduced in this paper is 1 fiber Bragg gratings located on 6 sides of the cube base as a sensing element in a specific direction. By building the mechanical model of three-dimensional stress sensor and introducing the strain ula of any straight line in 3D space, the numerical relationship between strain monitoring values and three dimensional stress state parameters of three dimensional stress sensors is deduced. Also, the coefficient matrix between the wavelength drift of each fiber grating and the three-dimensional stress state parameters was deduced with the combination of basic theory of strain measurement of fiber bragg grating. Through the ANSYS Workbench simulation software, the numerical analysis model of the sensor is set up to analyze the sensing characteristics of the three- dimensional fiber bragg grating stress sensor under the uniaxial load and the hydrostatic pressure, as well as the strain distribution of the fiber bragg grating and the sensor matrix. According to the fiber Bragg grating strain obtained by numerical simulation, the calculated three-dimensional stress value is basically the same as the theoretical value with the error of less than 1, which proves the rationality of its structure. A numerical analysis model of measuring stress of sensor embedded surrounding rock is established. By analyzing the interference range of surrounding rock rted by sensor, the optimum matrix material is selected, and the ratio of the stress to the actual stress measured by the sensor is given under certain conditions. 万方数据 III There is a linear relationship between the deation of the fiber Bragg grating and the uniaxial compression load. According to this characteristic of the sensor, the sensing perance of the sensor was tested by the uniaxial compression experiment instead of the three axis compression test. The sensor was subjected to uniaxial cyclic loading along X, Y and Z axes respectively, and the sensor perance was tested. The test results show that the sensor is of good repeatability and linearity under the external load, and the sensitivity of the sensor to X, Y and Z axis is 25.51, 25.97 and 24.86 pm/MPa respectively. The relative error of the measured stress is less than 4, which can meet the requirement of measuring the stress of surrounding rock. There are 52 figures, 8 tables and 76 references in this thesis. Keywords surrounding rock; three-dimensional stress sensor; FBG; finite element analysis; perance test 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘要摘要................................................................................................................................ I 目录目录............................................................................................................................. IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究目的及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容及技术路线 ................................................................................... 11 2 光纤光栅围岩三维应力监测方法原理光纤光栅围岩三维应力监测方法原理 .................................................................. 13 2.1 光纤光栅基本理论及传感特性 ........................................................................... 13 2.2 表贴式光纤光栅应变传递机理 ........................................................................... 16 2.3 围岩三维应力测试原理 ....................................................................................... 20 2.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 22 3 基于三维应力基于三维应力-应变状态理论的传感器设应变状态理论的传感器设计计 ........................................................ 23 3.1 三维空间应力-应变理论分析 ............................................................................. 23 3.2 传感器结构设计及灵敏度影响因素分析 ........................................................... 26 3.3 传感器制作 ........................................................................................................... 31 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 38 4 三维应力传感器传感特性及嵌入效应数值模拟三维应力传感器传感特性及嵌入效应数值模拟 ................................................. 40 4.1 ANSYS 软件简介 .................................................................................................. 40 4.2 传感器传感特性有限元分析 ............................................................................... 40 4.3 围岩-传感器耦合特性的有限元分析 ................................................................. 47 4.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 49 5 三维应力传感器的性能实验研究三维应力传感器的性能实验研究 .......................................................................... 51 5.1 实验目的及所需材料设备 ................................................................................... 51 5.2 实验过程 ............................................................................................................... 53 万方数据 V 5.3 实验结果 ............................................................................................................... 55 5.4 工程应用可行性分析 ............................................................................................ 59 5.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 60 6 主要结论与展望主要结论与展望 ..................................................................................................... 62 6.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................... 62 6.2 展望 ...................................................................................................................... 63 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 64 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 69 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 70 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 71 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables ........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Purpose and Significance ......................................................................... 1 1.2 Overseas and Domestic Research Status ................................................................. 2 1.3 Research Contents and Technical Routes .............................................................. 11 2 Principle of FBG-based Three-dimensional Stress Monitoring for Surrounding Rock ...................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Basic Theory and Sensing Characteristics of FBG Sensing Technology .............. 13 2.2 Strain Transfer Mechanism of Surface Bonded FBG ............................................ 16 2.3 Principle of Three Dimensional Stress Monitoring in Surrounding Rock 20 2.4 Chapter Conclutions ............................................................................................... 22 3 Sensor Design Based on Three Dimensional Stress-strain State Theory ........... 23 3.1 Analysis of Three Dimensional Stress-strain State Theory.................................... 23 3.2 Design of Sensor Structure and Sensitivity Analysis ............................................. 26 3.3 Sensor Fabrication ................................................................................................. 31 3.4 Chapter Conclutions ............................................................................................... 38 4 Numerical Simulation of Three Dimensional Stress Sensors Sensing Characteristics and Embedding Effect .................................................................... 40 4.1 Brief Introduction of ANSYS Software ................................................................. 40 4.2 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Sensors ............................................................ 40 4.3 Finite Element Analysis of Coupling Characteristics Between Surrounding Rock and Sensor .................................................................................................................... 47 4.4 Chapter Conclutions ............................................................................................... 49 5 Experimental Test of FBG Three Dimensional Stress Sensor ............................. 51 万方数据 VII 5.1 The Purpose of the ExperIment and the Required Equipment............................... 51 5.2 Experimental Process ............................................................................................. 53 5.3 Experimental Results ............................................................................................. 55 5.4 Feasibility Analysis of Engineering Application ................................................... 59 5.5 Chapter Conclutions ............................................................................................... 60 6 Main Conclusions and Prospects ........................................................................... 62 6.1 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................. 62 6.2 Main Prospects ....................................................................................................... 63 References ................................................................................................................... 64 Author’s Resume ..............................................................