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硕士学位论文 沿空留巷巷旁充填体稳定机理研究 Study on Stability Mechanism of Backfill Body in Gob-Side Entry Retaining 作 者郝胜鹏 导 师陈 勇 讲 师 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 国家自然科学青年基金项目(51504246) 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室自主研究课题项目 (SKLCRSM13X07) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD) 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 1 UDC 622 密 级 公 开 1 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 沿空留巷巷旁充填体稳定机理研究 Study on Stability Mechanism of Backfill Body in Gob-Side Entry Retaining 作 者 郝胜鹏 导 师 陈 勇 1 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 1 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 盲 审 审 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书)。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 岁月如梭,硕士生涯迈入尾声,四年的学习生活虽然短暂,却充实而丰硕, 必将在我漫长人生中画上浓墨重彩的一笔。硕士师从陈勇,度过了意义非凡、不 舍结束的学习时光,站在中国矿业大学毕业的路口,回首往昔,奋斗和辛劳成为 丝丝的记忆,甜美与欢笑也都尘埃落定。 柏建彪教授渊博的专业知识,严谨的治学态度,精益求精的工作作风,诲人 不倦的高尚师德,严以律己、宽以待人的崇高风范,朴实无华、平易近人的人格 魅力对我影响深远。柏老师不仅使我树立了远大的学术目标、掌握了基本的研究 方法,还使我明白了许多待人接物、与人处事的道理。是柏老师、夏老师授我以 文,教我做人,在此,衷心的感谢柏老师、夏老师给予我无私的关心、帮助和谆 谆教诲 本篇论文的完成离不开硕士导师陈勇老师的悉心指导。陈老师于我,无论在 学术研究还是日常生活,亦师亦友,是我学术研究的启蒙导师,生活中的和蔼细 致的兄长。自 2013 年 8 月 6 日,与陈老师在山西暖泉煤矿出差,即开启了我的 研究生生涯,也打开了我人生的另一扇窗;是陈老师无限的信任、支持和包容, 才使我前进的脚步更加坚定;是陈老师以学生为本、严谨负责和开放式培养,给 予我充分挖掘自己潜力的平台和空间。值此论文完成之际,谨向陈老师致以崇高 的敬意和衷心的感谢。 感谢课题组王襄禹老师、徐营老师和闫帅老师在学习、生活等各个方面的关 心和帮助,研究生生涯的每一天都有你们的陪伴,让我受益终生。 感谢湖南科技大学张自政老师、师兄神文龙博士;感谢远在非洲赤道几内亚 的三年同窗陈延涛,一起风风雨雨的美好时光让硕士研究生生涯更加丰满;感谢 师弟曹其嘉、李国栋、宋远霸、杨建雄等给予的帮助。 在此论文写完之际, 感谢我的父母, 你们的含辛茹苦、 默默付出, 终生难报, 面对岁月的侵蚀,只愿你们身体健康,以接受迟来的报答。 感谢中国矿业大学,感谢在研究生期间所有给我鼓励和支持的人,我们中的 大多数人,即将背上行李,甚至远离,祝情谊不变,岁月不老,在远方共同进步。 最后,谨向所有参加论文评阅、答辩的专家、教师致以最诚挚的谢意,感谢 您们对论文的批评、指导和帮助。 郝胜鹏 2017 年 5 月 18 日 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 本文运用理论计算、UDEC 6.0 数值模拟和现场试验等研究手段,分析了地 质条件对充填体稳定性的影响,包括巷道埋深、顶板厚度和断裂位置,探讨了充 填体宽度、加固参数对充填体承载能力的影响规律。主要得到以下成果 (1)基于理论分析,得到影响充填体变形因素包括基本顶厚度、直接顶厚 度、巷道埋深等;充填体承载能力受充填材料力学参数和加固系统支护强度的影 响。数值模拟表明,加固充填体比未加固充填体应力集中区面积更大,其承载能 力更高,能更好的适应巷道围岩剧烈变形。 (2)沿空留巷实体煤帮、充填体和采空区侧矸石作为支点承载基本顶断裂 形成的关键块及上覆岩层的载荷,其中煤帮和矸石承载大部分载荷;基本顶既作 为沿空留巷围岩载荷的施加者对其进行压缩破坏, 也作为上覆岩层载荷的承载者 对巷道起到保护作用。巷道埋深、顶板厚度和断裂位置的改变使关键块的旋转角 度改变,进而影响充填体的破坏特征和巷道围岩的变形。 (3)数值模拟表明增强加固系统参数可以改变充填体破坏特征、提高其承 载能力; 随着充填体宽度的增加其由应变软化向应变硬化转变, 在大应变情况下, 加固系统支护强度对充填体承载能力的影响尤为明显,表现为横向约束能力提 高,抑制裂隙的贯通和鼓包的产生。 (4)根据三个煤矿的生产地质条件,确定充填体的宽度、加固系统参数, 同时配合巷道补强支护、超前支护和滞后支护等,巷道围岩和充填体保持完整稳 定,表明充填体加固系统可靠,且具有良好的适应性。 该论文有图 100 幅,表 6 个,参考文献 89 篇。 关键字关键字沿空留巷;巷旁充填体;稳定机理;破坏特征;加固系统 万方数据 II Abstract By comprehensive using of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation UDEC 6.0 and field test, the different geological conditions on the influence of backfill body stability, including roadway buried depth, thickness of roofs and the fracture position was discussesed; the reinforcement effects of parameters on the bearing capacity of backfill body was revealed. Main results are as follows 1 Based on theoretical analysis, the factors affecting backfill body deation including the thickness of main roof and immediate roof thickness, buried depth of roadway; the factors affecting the bearing capacity of the backfill body include packing material mechanical parameters, anchor number, diameter, etc. Numerical simulation showed that the reinforcement stress, high filling area is larger, the higher bearing capacity, can better adapt to the severe deation of roadway surrounding rocks. 2 Along the solid coal rib, backfill body and gob side waste rock as fulcrums bearing main roof key block of fracture ation and overburden load, coal rib and waste rock bear more load; For main roof, as the load applied to the compression damage of surrounding rocks, and as the carrier of overburden load to tunnel protection. Roadway depth, thickness of roofs and the position of fracture can change the rotation angle and function way of key block, and, in turn, affect the destruction of the backfill body characteristics and deation of the surrounding rocks of roadway. 3 Numerical simulation prove that adding reinforcement system parameters can change characteristics of filling body and improve its carrying capacity, but the effects of various parameters and influence law is different. 4 Gob-side entry retaining is successful under different geological conditions, by changing the width of backfill body, strengthening the parameters of the support system, at the same time cooperate with advanced reinforcing support, lag support of roadway surrounding rocks, etc., backfill body can keep intact and stability, which shows that backfill body reinforcement system is reliable, and has good adaptability. There are 100 figures, 6 tables and 89 references. Key words gob-side entry retaining; backfill body; stability mechanism; failure characteristic;reinforcement system 万方数据 III 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ III 图清单图清单 ....................................................................................................................... VII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题研究背景及意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容及技术路线............................................................................................. 6 2 充填体稳定机理分析充填体稳定机理分析 ............................................................................................... 8 2.1 充填体变形分析..................................................................................................... 8 2.2 充填体加固稳定机理........................................................................................... 11 2.3 数值模拟验证....................................................................................................... 13 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 18 3 充填体稳定性影响因素分析充填体稳定性影响因素分析 ................................................................................. 19 3.1 模型的构建及参数的计算................................................................................... 19 3.2 巷道埋深对充填体稳定性的影响....................................................................... 22 3.3 直接顶厚度对充填体稳定性的影响................................................................... 25 3.4 基本顶厚度对充填体稳定性的影响................................................................... 29 3.5 基本顶断裂位置对充填体稳定性的影响........................................................... 32 3.6 本章小结............................................................................................................... 35 4 充填体加固技术研究充填体加固技术研究 ............................................................................................. 37 4.1 数值模拟材料力学参数确定............................................................................... 37 4.2 充填体宽度影响................................................................................................... 39 4.3 对拉锚杆数量影响............................................................................................... 42 4.4 对拉锚杆直径影响............................................................................................... 45 4.5 钢筋梯子梁直径影响........................................................................................... 47 4.6 本章小结............................................................................................................... 50 5 工业性试验工业性试验 ............................................................................................................. 52 万方数据 IV 5.1 案例 1三河尖煤矿沿空留巷............................................................................ 52 5.2 案例 2南屯煤矿沿空留巷................................................................................ 57 5.3 案例 3葛泉煤矿沿空留巷................................................................................ 63 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 68 6 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 69 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 71 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 76 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 78 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 79 万方数据 V Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XII List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Significance of Research Project .................................................. 1 1.2 Current Research Situation at Home and Aboard .................................................... 2 1.3 Main Research Content and Technical Route .......................................................... 6 2 The Stability Mechanism Analysis of Backfill Body .............................................. 8 2.1 The Deation Analysis of Backfill Body ........................................................... 8 2.2 The Strengthen and Stability Mechanism of Backfill Body .................................. 11 2.3 The numerical simulation validation ..................................................................... 13 2.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 18 3 The Influence Factors Analysis of Backfill Body Stability .................................. 19 3.1 Numerical Model Foundation and Parameter selection ......................................... 19 3.2 The Influence of Roadway Depth to Backfill Body Stability) ............................ 22 3.3 The Influence of Immediate Roof Thickness to Backfill Body Stability .............. 25 3.4 The Influence of Main Roof Thickness to Backfill Body Stability ....................... 29 3.5 The Influence of Main Roof Fracture Location Thickness to Backfill Body Stability ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.6 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 35 4 The Reinforcement Technology Research of Backfill Body ................................ 37 4.1 The Material Mechanics Parameters Selection in Numerical Simulation ............. 37 4.2 The Influence of Backfill Body Width ................................................................... 39 4.3 The Influence of Bolt Number ............................................................................... 42 4.4 The Influence of Bolt Diameter ............................................................................. 45 4.5 The Influence of Steel Beam Diameter .................................................................. 47 4.6 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 50 5 Industrial Testing .................................................................................................... 52 万方数据 VI 5.1 Case1Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Sanhejian Mine .......................................... 52 5.2 Case2Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Nantun Mine .............................................. 57 5.3 Case3Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Gequan Mine ............................................. 63 5.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 68 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 69 References ................................................................................................................... 71 Authors Resume ........................................................................................................ 76 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 78 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 79 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 List of Figures 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 研究技术路线图 7 Figure1-1 Research technological routes 7 图 2-1 沿空留巷围岩结构模型图 9 Figure 2-1 The model of surrounding rocks in gob-side entry retaining 9 图 2-2 串联弹簧模型 9 Figure 2-2 The model of series spring 9 图 2-3 沿空留巷结构简图 10 Figure 2-3 The brief model of gob-side entry retaining 10 图 2-4 充填体加固示意图 11 Figure 2-4 The strengthening schematic diagram of backfill body 11 图 2-5 充填体加固简化力学模型 11 Figure 2-5 The simplified mechanical model of strengthening backfill body 11 图 2-6 岩体强度包络线 13 Figure 2-6 Rock mass strength envelope 13 图 2-7 充填体模型图 14 Figure 2-7 The model of backfill body 14 图 2-8 充填体内垂直应力分布 15 Figure 2-8 The vertical stress distribution in backfill body 15 图 2-9 充填体内塑性区分布 16 Figure 2-9 The plastic zone distribution in backfill body 16 图 2-10 现场充填体鼓包图 16 Figure 2-10 The bulge of backfill body in site 16 图 2-11 充填体应力应变曲线 17 Figure 2-11 The stress strain curve of backfill body 17 图 2-12 充填体内剪切裂隙增加规律 17 Figure 2-12 The shear fracture increase law in backfill body 17 图 2-13 充填体内拉伸裂隙增加规律 18 Figure 2-13 The tensile fracture increase law in backfill body 18
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