采动断层活化应力演化与煤柱留设研究.pdf

工程硕士学位论文 采动断层活化应力演化与煤柱留设研究 Study onActivated Stress Evolution of Mining Faults and Coal Pillar Setting-up [国家重点研发计划项目2017YFC0804101] 作者孙洪超 导师杨伟峰教授 中国矿业大学 二 0 一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 中图分类号P642学校代码10290 UDC550密级公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士学位论文 采动断层活化应力演化与煤柱留设研究 Study onActivated Stress Evolution of Mining Faults and Coal Pillar Setting-up 作者孙洪超导师杨伟峰 申请学位工程硕士专业学位培养单位 资源与地球科学学院 学科专业地质工程研究方向 工程地质与岩土工程 答辩委员会主席隋旺华评 阅 人匿名送审 二 0 一九年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光荏苒，我的硕士生涯已接进尾声。这两年的时光既漫长又短暂，其中充 满了酸甜苦辣，更有收获和成长。两年来，感谢陪我一起度过美好时光的每位尊 敬的老师和亲爱的同学，正是你们的帮助，我才能克服困难，正是你们的指导， 我才能解决疑惑，直到学业的顺利完成。 本人的学位论文是在我的恩师杨伟峰教授的殷切关怀和耐心指导下进行并 完成的，衷心感谢我的恩师对我的淳淳教诲和悉心关怀。从课题的选择、项目的 实施，直至论文的最终完成，杨伟峰教授都始终给予我耐心的指导和支持，我取 得的每一点成绩都凝聚着恩师的汗水和心血。 恩师开阔的视野、 严谨的治学态度、 精益求精的工作作风，深深地感染和激励着我，在此谨向杨老师致以衷心的感谢 和崇高的敬意。 感谢我的同门师兄弟姐妹张鑫全、李路遥、金璐、范胜洋、王炎、王跃、杨 鹏、马荣坤在平时开展相关工作中的支持和帮助，感谢我的伙伴胡宏伟、张大伟 在实验过程和论文写作过程中提供的热心帮助 没有他们的帮助就没有这篇论文 的顺利完成。 感谢我的父母和亲人，他们的支持和关怀不仅给与我心灵上的蕴藉，还成为 我坚持奋斗的不竭动力。最后,我要向百忙之中参与审阅、评议本论文各位老师， 向参与本人论文答辩的各位老师表示由衷的感谢 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 断层活化是危害矿井安全的重大灾害之一，加强对于断层活化规律的研究， 在此基础上确定了煤矿断层安全煤柱的尺寸，对于断层活化突水，减少人员与经 济的损失具有重要意义。论文总结了国内外断层突水的类型与活化条件，以及断 层活化体内应力的变化规律和断层安全煤柱。 在此基础之上本论文通过分析断层 处的应力变化规律的动态分析，并结合室内模型试验和数值模拟，对断层采动活 化进行了研究。 论文以红四煤矿宁夏红墩子矿区为基础， 研究了该地区的地质构造情况与水 文地质情况，并且发现断层切断整个山西组地层，并延伸至古近系地层下端的含 水层，当随着煤矿开采尺寸的增加，断层会产生新的破坏，使得顶部古近系砂岩 含水层的水沿着断层进入巷道，造成突水事件。 本文通过大量的文献资料阅读，对断层的活化过程做出了合理的分析，分析 可知， 断层相对于正常地层来说具有一定的阻隔能力，并且这种阻隔能力会使得 断层体内应力发生改变， 断层活化主要是由于煤矿开采导致断层体内的阻隔能力 不断积累，使得断层处出现应力集中，从而使断层发生滑移，产生裂缝。 对研究区内断层活化应力演化规律作了模型试验研究， 分析了煤矿采动情况 下断层法向应力与切向应力的动态演化与顶板 “两带” 变化趋势。 研究结果发现， 在含有断层的煤矿开采时，断层处的法向应力减小与切向应力增加，才会使得断 层发生活化突水。并且在随着煤矿推进尺寸的增加，其顶板的“两带”发育高度 相对于正常地层有所增加。 论文设计了两种数值模拟方案，一种为水平地层，断层倾角为 55，一种为 地层倾角为 6断层倾角为 55，分析了采动影响下断层带应力的变化趋势，并结 合塑性区变化得出两种环境下开采留设安全煤柱的尺寸， 在第一种情况条件下开 采应留设安全煤柱尺寸为 30m， 在煤层第二种情况条件下开采应留设安全煤柱尺 寸为 35m。 该论文有图 87 幅，表 3 个，参考文献 76 篇。 关键词关键词断层；采动活化；时空演化；安全煤柱 万方数据 II Abstract Fault activation is one of the major hazards endangering mine safety. Strengthening the study of fault activation law and determining the size of coal pillar for coal mine fault safety are of great significance for fault activation water inrush and reducing human and economic losses. This paper summarizes the types and activation conditions of fault water inrush at home and abroad, as well as the variation law of stress in fault activation body and fault safety coal pillar. On this basis, this paper studies the mining activation of faults by analyzing the dynamic analysis of stress variation at faults and combining with indoor model test and numerical simulation. On the basis of Hongdunzi mining area in Ningxia, Hongsi Coal Mine, this paper studies the geological structure and hydrogeology of this area, and finds that the fault cuts off the whole Shanxi ation stratum and extends to the aquifer at the lower end of Paleogene stratum. With the increase of mining size of coal mine, the fault will produce new damage, which makes the water of the upper Paleogene sandstone aquifer enter the roadway along the fault. It caused water inrush. Through reading a large number of literature, this paper makes a reasonable analysis of the activation process of faults. The analysis shows that faults have a certain barrier ability relative to normal strata, and this barrier ability can change the stress in the fault body. The main reason for the activation of faults is that the barrier ability in the fault body is accumulating continuously due to coal mining, which makes the fault position appear. The force is concentrated, so that the fault slips and cracks occur. A model test was conducted to study the evolution law of fault activation stress in the study area. The dynamic evolution of normal stress and tangential stress of fault and the change trend of “two zones“ of roof under coal mining were analyzed. The results show that only when the normal stress at the fault decreases and the tangential stress increases during the mining of coal mines with faults can the faults be activated and water inrush occurs. And with the increase of the size of the coal mine, the development height of the “two zones“ of the roof increases relative to the normal stratum. In this paper, two numerical simulation schemes are designed, one is horizontal stratum, the fault dip angle is 55 degrees, the other is 6 degrees and the fault dip angle is 55 degrees. The stress variation trend of fault zone under mining influence is analyzed. Combining with the change of plastic zone, the size of safe coal pillars in two environments is obtained. Under the first condition, the size of safe coal pillars 万方数据 III should be 30 meters. Under the second condition of coal seam mining, the size of safe pillar should be 35 meters. Keywords fault; mining activation; space-time evolution; safe coal pillar 万方数据 IV 目目录录 摘要摘要..............................................................................................................................ⅠⅠ 目录目录...............................................................................................................................IV 图清单图清单.........................................................................................................................VIII 表清单表清单.........................................................................................................................XIII 变量注释表变量注释表.................................................................................................................XIV 1.1.绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1 1.1 研究背景与意义......................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状......................................................................................................1 1.3 研究内容与技术路线..............................................................................................8 2.2.研究矿区地质条件分析研究矿区地质条件分析..........................................................................................1 10 0 2.1 矿区地质条件与水文地质条件............................................................................10 2.2 矿区地质构造与井田地质构造............................................................................12 3.3.煤矿断层活化影响因素分析煤矿断层活化影响因素分析..................................................................................1 17 7 3.1 断层的基本概念....................................................................................................17 3.2 断层活化影响因素分析........................................................................................18 3.3 小结........................................................................................................................20 4.4.断层阻隔效应与应力重分布分析及顶板位移发育分析断层阻隔效应与应力重分布分析及顶板位移发育分析......................................2 24 4 4.1 顶板位移发育特征................................................................................................24 4.2 断层阻隔效应........................................................................................................26 4.3 断层活化周围应力分布特征................................................................................29 4.4 小结........................................................................................................................31 5.5.采动断层活化模型实验采动断层活化模型实验..........................................................................................3 32 2 5.1 相似模拟实验原理................................................................................................32 5.2 实验目的与材料准备............................................................................................32 5.3 采动断层活化与顶板“两带”时空演化分析....................................................34 5.4 小结........................................................................................................................41 6.6.采动断层活化采动断层活化应力演化应力演化数值模拟分析数值模拟分析..................................................................4 42 2 万方数据 V 6.1 数值模拟研究意义与软件使用............................................................................42 6.2 模拟原型................................................................................................................42 6.3 模拟方案................................................................................................................42 6.4 模拟结果分析........................................................................................................43 6.5 小结........................................................................................................................58 7.7.结论与展望结论与展望..............................................................................................................5 59 9 7.1 结论........................................................................................................................59 7.2 展望........................................................................................................................60 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................6 61 1 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................6 66 6 论文原创性声明论文原创性声明..........................................................................................................6 67 7 学术论文数据集学术论文数据集..........................................................................................................6 68 8 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................II Contents........................................................................................................................V List of Figures...........................................................................................................VIII List of Tables.............................................................................................................XIII List of Variables........................................................................................................XIV 1.Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1research background and meaning............................................................................1 1.2Research status at home and abroad..........................................................................1 1.3Research Content and Technical Route.....................................................................8 2.Analysis of geological conditions in mining area..................................................10 2.1Geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions..........................................10 2.2Mine geological structure and well field geological structure ..............................12 3.Analysis of factors affecting fault activation in coal mines................................. 17 3.1Basic concepts of faults...........................................................................................17 3.2Analysis of the influencing factors of fault activation............................................18 3.3Summary................................................................................................................. 20 4.Fault barrier effect and stress redistribution analysis and roof displacement development analysis.....................................................................................................................24 4.1Development characteristics of roof displacement................................................. 24 4.2Fault barrier effect in coal mine..............................................................................26 4.3Stress distribution around fault activation...............................................................29 4.4Summary................................................................................................................. 31 5.Model experiment of mining fault activation....................................................... 32 5.1Principle of Similarity Simulation Experiment.......................................................32 5.2Experimental Purpose and Material Preparation.....................................................32 5.3Spatial and Temporal Evolution Analysis of Mining Fault Activation and Roof Displacemen.................................................................................................................35 5.4Summary................................................................................................................. 42 6.Numerical simulation and analysis of activation stress of mining fault.............43 万方数据 VII 6.1Significance of numerical simulation research and application of software...........43 6.2Analogue prototype.................................................................................................43 6.3Simulation scheme.................................................................................................. 43 6.4Analysis of simulation results.................................................................................44 6.5Summary................................................................................................................. 58 7.Conclusion and Prospect.........................................................................................60 7.1Conclusion...............................................................................................................60 7.2Prospect...................................................................................................................61 References................................................................................................................... 62 Author’s Resume........................................................................................................67 Declaration of Thesis Originality..............................................................................68 Thesis Data Collection................................................................................................69 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号图名称页码 图 1-1非活化断层突水示意图4 Figure 1-1Schematic Map of Water Inrush from Non-Activated Faults4 图 1-2活化断层突水示意图4 Figure 1-2Schematic Map of Water Inrush fromActivated Faults4 图 1-3底板隐伏断层突水示意图5 Figure 1-3Schematic map of water inrush from concealed faults in floor5 图 1-4技术路线图9 Figure 1-4Technical roadmap9 图 2-1红墩子矿区构造分布示意图13 Figure 2-1Structural Distribution Diagram of Hongdunzi MiningArea13 图 2-2红四井田构造示意图15 Figure 2-2Structural Diagram of Hongsi Minefield15 图 3-1断层要素示意图17 Figure 3-1Schematic diagram of fault elements17 图 3-2断层受力示意图20 Figure 3-2Schema of Fault Stress20 图 4-