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硕士学位论文 深部动压影响下的巷道锚杆受力特征及支 护优化研究 Study on the Characters of Bolt Load in Roadway under Mining Pressure and the Supporting Parameters Optimization 作者张少波 导师吴 宇 副研究员 中国矿业大学 二○一六年五月 中图分类号 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 深部动压影响下的巷道锚杆受力特征及支 护优化研究 Study on the Characters of Bolt Load in Roadway under Mining Pressure and the Supporting Parameters Optimization 作 者 张少波 导师 吴 宇 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 力学与建筑工程学院 学科专业 工程力学 研究方向 采动岩体力学 答辩委员会主席 茅献彪 评 阅 人 金波 李华宁 二○一六年五月 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书)。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 论文审阅认定书 论文审阅认定书 研究生张少波在规定的学习年限内, 按照研究生培养方案的要求, 完成了研究生课程的学习, 成绩合格; 在我的指导下完成本学位论文, 经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同,论文撰写格 式符合学校的相关规定, 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 84 学位论文原创性声明 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文深部动压影响下的巷道锚杆受力特征及 支护优化研究,是本人在导师指导下,在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研 究工作所取得的成果。据我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含 任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。 对本文的研究做出贡献的个 人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本 人承担。 学位论文作者签名 年 月 日 致 谢 致 谢 三年的硕士研究生学习生涯即将结束, 硕士学位论文是我三年学习成果的总 结,凝聚了很多人的心血。所以在这里,我要对帮助和支持我完成学位论文的所 有人表示感谢。 首先我衷心地感谢导师吴宇对我的淳淳教诲和悉心关怀。 没有吴老师的指导、 鼓励及资金上的大力支持,论文是不可能顺利完成的。导师在论文选题以及技术 路线上给予了具有前瞻性的指导和关键性的点拨, 在论文试验设计和理论分析等 方面给予了我充分发挥想象力的空间,并提供了可靠的团队支持。此外,从论文 框架的构建到最后的文理疏通、审阅及定稿等每一步工作,导师也都倾注了大量 的心血和智慧。从师三年,吴老师以身为范,寓教于行,教会了我很多学习和科 研的方法,其正直的做人品格、严谨的科研与治学态度、宽泛的知识面和忘我的 工作精神,也使我学会了科研工作中的专注与坚持,所获所得受益终生值此论 文完成之际,再次向导师致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢 感谢茅献彪教授在我求学期间给予的无微不至的关怀在论文选题、试验和 论文写作过程中给予了关键性指导与帮助 感谢张后全老师与张凯老师在我实测 期间对我的指导与关怀,感谢李明师兄、李盼师兄与张立强师兄在我论文写作期 间给与的指导和帮助。 感谢力学系移峥峰、桑盛、肖成、张巧娜、张雨波、郝阳、郭士儒等硕士在 实测及论文写作过程中给予的帮助 感谢父母和亲人们在我求学阶段的无私奉献与付出, 感谢家人对我学业的理 解、关怀和支持 感谢论文所引文献的作者 感谢所有帮助和关心我的人 感谢各位专家和学者在百忙之中评审论文,衷心希望得到您的帮助和指导 I 摘摘 要要 锚杆支护是目前我国煤矿巷道最主要的支护形式。随着煤矿采深的增加,地 压越来越大,巷道围岩稳定性控制对煤矿安全生产越来越重要,而动压巷道锚杆 支护状态的检测和监测对围岩稳定性控制具有重要意义。另一方面,出于对安全 的重视,很多煤矿存在锚杆支护过剩的现象。如何在保证巷道围岩稳定的前提下 提高对锚杆强度的利用率,实现降本增效也是煤企亟需解决的问题。本课题综合 运用现场实测、数值模拟、理论研究的手段对深部动压巷道锚杆受力变化特征和 围岩变形规律进行了研究, 并提出了锚杆支护参数优化方法。 主要研究成果如下 1 研究了动压巷道变形规律及破坏机理,并基于弹性动力学原理开发了动 压巷道锚杆支护状态的无损检测技术和方法。 2 通过现场试验获得了巷道锚杆受力随工作面推进的变化规律和巷道围 岩的变形特征。结果表明工作面前方 40m 范围内锚杆开始受到采动影响,受力 逐渐增大,平均增幅为 30。同时发现巷道锚杆杆体强度还有较大富余量,最少 为 40。 3 建立了三维数值计算模型,得到了动压巷道围岩应力分布和变形规律, 并与实测数据进行了对比验证, 在此基础上提出了 “检测-建模-验证-优化-计算” 的巷道锚杆支护优化设计方法。 4 基于所提出的巷道锚杆优化设计方法, 对高河煤矿 W1310 工作面巷道锚 杆支护进行了优化设计,并进行了现场应用。结果表明所采用的锚杆支护方案能 有效控制巷道的变形,并节约了大量成本。 该论文有图 53 幅,表 11 个,参考文献 102 篇。 关键词关键词动压巷道;锚杆受力;无损检测;数值模拟;优化设计 II Abstract Bolting is one of the main roadway support in our country coal mine at present.With the increase of coal mining depth, pressure is more and more big,the stability of roadway surrounding rock control in coal mine production safety is more and more important,and the state of the dynamic pressure roadway bolting detection and monitoring is of great significance for the stability of surrounding rock control.In recognition of safety, on the other hand, it is obvious that bolting support becomes excessive in many coal mines.There is a urgent need for coal mine enterprise to solve the problem that how to improve the utilization ratio of the strength, increase the efficiency and reduce the costs of the anchor bolts, under the premise of roadway surrounding rock stability. By Using field measurement, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,this paper studies the the characteristics of deep roadway bolt stress dynamic pressure and the deation law of surrounding rock, and the bolt support parameters optimization is proposed. And some research results are got as follows. 1 The paper studied the roadway deation and failure mechanism of the dynamic pressure,then developed non-destructive testing technique and based on the principle of elastic dynamics. 2 The paper obtains the change rules of roadway’s bolt and the deation characteristics of surrounding rock along with the working face advancing. And results show that the anchor bolts are under the influence of mining 40m in front of the working face with the average increase of the force 30 3Three-dimensional numerical calculation model is built and solved,then obtained surrounding rock stress distribution and deation law of the dynamic pressure roadway. Comparing the calculation results and measured results,then put forward the ‘test-modeling-validation-optimization-computing’ for the optimization design of roadway bolting. 4 Gaohe coal mine W1310 working face roadway bolting support optimization was carried out based on the proposed for the optimization design of roadway bolt,and .Results show that the new bolting scheme can control the deation of the roadway effectively and save a lot of cost. Keywords dynamic pressure roadway; bolt force;non-destructive testing; numerical simulation; the optimization design III 目录目录 摘要摘要................................................................................................................................ I 目录目录............................................................................................................................. III 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................ VII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................... X 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................ XI 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容 ....................................................................................................... 11 1.4 研究方法与技术路线 ........................................................................................... 12 2 动压巷道锚杆受力无损检测原理与技术动压巷道锚杆受力无损检测原理与技术 ............................................................. 14 2.1 动压巷道围岩失稳分析 ....................................................................................... 14 2.2 锚杆轴力无损检测原理与技术 ........................................................................... 20 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 26 3 动压巷道锚杆受力变化规律现场实测与分析动压巷道锚杆受力变化规律现场实测与分析 ..................................................... 28 3.1 试验地点地质条件概况 ....................................................................................... 28 3.2 检测参数标定与方案设计 ................................................................................... 32 3.3 锚杆受力检测结果与分析 ................................................................................... 38 3.4 巷道围岩变形监测结果及分析 ........................................................................... 42 3.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 44 4 动压巷道围岩变形与锚杆受力变化数值模拟动压巷道围岩变形与锚杆受力变化数值模拟 ..................................................... 45 4.1 数值分析软件及分析基本原则 ........................................................................... 45 4.2 数值计算模型及方案 ........................................................................................... 46 4.3 数值模拟的计算结果与分析 ............................................................................... 48 4.4 数值模拟与实测结果的对比分析 ....................................................................... 59 4.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 62 5 动压巷道锚杆支护优化设计方法及方案动压巷道锚杆支护优化设计方法及方案 .............................................................. 63 5.1 锚杆支护优化设计的原则与指标 ....................................................................... 63 5.2 基于锚杆无损检测的支护优化设计方法 ........................................................... 64 IV 5.3 高河矿动压巷道锚杆支护优化设计方案 ........................................................... 66 5.4 优化方案数值模拟 ............................................................................................... 67 5.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 70 6 动压巷道锚杆支护优化设计方案现场应用动压巷道锚杆支护优化设计方案现场应用 ......................................................... 71 6.1 现场应用方案 ....................................................................................................... 71 6.2 支护效果监测及分析 ........................................................................................... 72 6.3 支护方案优化前后经济效益分析 ....................................................................... 73 6.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 74 7 主要结论与展望主要结论与展望 ..................................................................................................... 75 7.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................... 75 7.2 展望 ....................................................................................................................... 76 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 77 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 83 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 84 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 85 V Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X List of Variables ......................................................................................................... XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Issue Presentation and Significance ......................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 2 1.3 Main Research Contents ........................................................................................ 11 1.4 s and Technique Course ............................................................................. 12 2 Non-destructive Testing Principle and Technology of Toadway Tolt Load under Dynamic Pressure ........................................................................................... 14 2.1 Dynamic Pressure Instability Analysis of Roadway Surrounding Rock ............... 14 2.2 Non-destructive Testing Theory and Technology of Bolt ...................................... 20 2.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 26 3 Dynamic Pressure Roadway Bolt Load Variation Law Measureed in Field and Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 28 3.1 Profile of Mining Geological Conditions in Study Area ....................................... 28 3.2 Test Parameters Calibration and Scheme Design .................................................. 32 3.3 The Bolt Load Test Results and Analysis .............................................................. 38 3.4 Surrounding Rock Deation Monitoring Results and Analysis ....................... 42 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 44 4 Dynamic Pressure of Surrounding Rock Deation of Roadway and Bolt Load Changes in Numerical Simulation .................................................................. 45 4.1 Numerical Analysis Software and Basic Principles ............................................... 45 4.2 Numerical Calculation Model and Schemes .......................................................... 46 4.3 The Numerical Simulation Calculations and Analysis .......................................... 48 4.4 Analysis and Contrast with Numerical Simulation and Measured Results ............ 59 4.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 62 5 Dynamic Pressure Roadway Bolting Optimization Design and Scheme ...................................................................................................................................... 63 VI 5.1 The Principle and Parameter of Optimization Design ........................................... 63 5.2 Support Optimization Design Based on Non-destructive Testing ............ 64 5.3 Optimization Design Scheme of Bolt Support in Gaohe Coal Mine .................. 66 5.4 Numerical Simulation of Optimization Design Scheme ........................................ 67 5.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 70 6 Dynamic Pressure Roadway Bolting Optimization Design Field Application .. 71 6.1 Field Application Project ....................................................................................... 71 6.2 Supporting effect monitoring and analysis ............................................................ 72 6.3 Economic Benefit Analysis .................................................................................... 73 6.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 74 7 Main Conclusions and Prospects ........................................................................... 75 7.1 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................. 75 7.2 Prospects ................
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