资源枯竭型矿井残留煤柱群安全高效回收技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 资源枯竭型矿井残留煤柱群 安全高效回收技术研究 Study on Safety and Efficientence Recovery Technology of Residual Pillars in Resources Exhaustion Mine 作 者崔满堂 导 师张益东 教授 中国矿业大学 二零一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 资源枯竭型矿井残留煤柱群 安全高效回收技术研究 Study on Safety and Efficientence Recovery Technology of Residual Pillars in Resources Exhaustion Mine 作 者 崔满堂 导 师 张益东 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 杨双锁 牟宗龙 二零一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 论文的研究是在张益东导师的悉心指导下完成的，从论文的选题、技术路线 的选择、方案的设计到最后的文理疏通、审阅定稿等每一步工作，张老师都倾注 了大量的心血和智慧。张老师丰富的知识，勤勉的工作作风，灵活的工作思路以 及对学生认真负责的态度深深的激励与影响着我。师从七载，受益终身。同时， 在生活上，张老师也给予我无微不至的关心与帮助。在此,谨向张老师致以深深 的敬意和由衷的感谢，祝张老师身体健康、工作顺利、阖家幸福美满。 感谢课题组季明老师、顾伟老师、程敬义老师、张凯老师在学习和生活中对 我的谆谆教诲， 同时感谢程亮师兄和张猛师兄在论文思路和理论分析等方面的帮 助和指导， 感谢张明磊、 郭红军、 彭献清和各位师弟在学习和生活中提供的帮助。 感谢父母对我的养育之恩， 二十多年来我的每一点成长都离不开你们默默的 关心、奉献、鼓励与支持，你们勤劳、俭朴、坚忍与善良的品格深深的烙印在我 的血脉中，使我终身受用不尽。 同时也要感谢中国矿业大学为我提供这样一个优美的环境、良好的氛围；感 谢矿业工程学院为我提供了这样一个良好的平台；感谢学院各位领导、导师默默 的关心与爱护。在此祝愿中国矿业大学越办越好。 感谢在我的成长的过程中每一个给过我关心、帮助、批评与指导的人。 感谢百忙中审阅本文和参与论文答辩的每一位专家、教授，并恳请指正。 崔满堂 2017 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘要摘要 残留煤柱的回收对于提高煤炭采出率和资源利用率， 延长矿井寿命具有重要 的社会与经济价值。百善煤矿剩余煤柱为北大巷煤柱、东 65 煤柱和工广煤柱， 其中北大巷煤柱与其他煤柱相距较远，东 65 煤柱与工广煤柱生产系统存在相互 影响，各煤柱边界不规整，而且煤柱内存在多条老巷，这些现状给残留煤柱的回 收带来许多困难。 本文以百善煤矿为研究对象，从残留煤柱回收范围、回采工艺、接替方案、 回采巷道围岩控制技术、 通风及运输线路和工作面过穿层老巷时安全保障措施等 多方面对残留煤柱群的回收进行设计研究，主要研究成果如下 （1）确定了残留煤柱群的合理回收范围，共回收煤炭 106.3 万 t，煤炭回收 率达到 84。引入综采设备，设计合理的接替方案，矿井收尾周期缩短 9 个月。 （2）通过理论分析，确定了楔形护巷煤柱临界宽度为 12m，通过数值模拟 研究了工作面回采前后不同护巷煤柱宽度处巷道围岩应力分布及变形情况。 通过 理论计算设计了巷道支护参数， 并结合数值模拟对不同煤柱宽度处的巷道支护参 数进行了优化设计。 （3） 通过力学分析计算确定了工作面过老巷安全法距 （底板穿层时为 5.42m， 顶板穿层时为 1.96m） 。通过对比决定采用木垛作为老巷支护材料，并对不同法 距内木垛的支护参数进行了设计。 （4）进行了工业性试验，通过现场观测，确保巷道支护参数安全可靠，工 作面液压支架基本能够保证工作面的正常生产。 该论文有图 65 幅，表 21 个，参考文献 60 篇。 关键词关键词残留煤柱；煤炭回收率；楔形护巷煤柱；穿层老巷 万方数据 II Abstract It has great social and economic value to improve the coal recovery rate and prolong the life of the mine by recoverying residual pillars. Now there are only three unmined residual pillarsNorth main roadway pillar, East65 pillar, Industrial square pillar in Baishan coal mine. North main roadway pillar is far from other pillars. There is a mutual influence between East65 pillar and Industrial square pillar. The boundaries of all pillars are irregular and there are many old roadways in the pillars.These present conditions bring many difficulties for pillars recoverying. On the basis of Baishan coal mine， the paper study on the recovery technology of residual pillars through recovery area, mining technology, successions, surrounding rock control technique of roadway, ventilation and coal transportion system, the safety precautions of coal face passing the crossing old roadways and so on. The main research results include （1）Determined the reasonable recovery area of residual pillars. Recovery coal 1.06 million ton. Coal recovery rate reach for 84. Introducing the fully mechanized mining equipment and designing the reasonable Recovery Program shortens the mines ending cycle nine months. （2）The critical width of wedge chain pillar is determined by theoretical analysis. Study on the strata pressure behavior law and roadway deation by numerical simulation. The parameters of roadway support are designed by theoretical calculation, and they are optimized by numerical simulation. （3）Through the analysis of mechanics, the safety distance of the face passing the crossing old roadways is determined. Design the supporting mode and parameters of crossing old roadways. Put forward to the safety precautions of coal face passing the crossing old roadways. （4）Industrial test is conducted. It is verified that the roadway support parameters is reliable and the hydraulic support can ensure the face normally produced by data observation. The article has 65 figures, 21 tables and 60 references. Keywordsresidual pillar；coal recovery rate；wedge chain pillar；crossing old roadways 万方数据 III 目录目录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................ III 图清单图清单 ....................................................................................................................... VII 表清单表清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 问题的提出及研究意义......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 存在的问题............................................................................................................. 6 1.4 研究内容与研究方法............................................................................................. 7 2 残留煤柱群分布及回收方案设计残留煤柱群分布及回收方案设计 ........................................................................... 9 2.1 生产现状概况......................................................................................................... 9 2.2 残留煤柱概述及回收范围的划分....................................................................... 10 2.3 接替方案与回采工艺的选择............................................................................... 14 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 15 3 楔形楔形护巷煤柱沿空掘巷巷道矿压显现规律及支护技术研究护巷煤柱沿空掘巷巷道矿压显现规律及支护技术研究 .............................. 16 3.1 沿空掘巷上覆岩体破断结构特征....................................................................... 16 3.2 沿空掘巷围岩稳定性数值模拟研究................................................................... 24 3.3 巷道支护设计....................................................................................................... 30 3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 40 4 残留煤柱工作面通风及运输线路优化设计残留煤柱工作面通风及运输线路优化设计 ......................................................... 41 4.1 通风线路优化设计............................................................................................... 41 4.2 运煤线路优化设计............................................................................................... 48 4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 52 5 北大巷煤柱综采工作面过穿层老巷时安全保障措施研究北大巷煤柱综采工作面过穿层老巷时安全保障措施研究 ................................. 53 5.1 穿层老巷概况....................................................................................................... 53 5.2 安全法距的确定................................................................................................... 54 5.3 穿层老巷支护参数设计....................................................................................... 59 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 62 万方数据 IV 6 工业性试验工业性试验 ............................................................................................................. 63 6.1 巷道矿压观测....................................................................................................... 63 6.2 工作面液压支架阻力观测................................................................................... 69 6.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 71 7 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 72 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 74 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 78 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 79 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 80 万方数据 V ContentsContents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variable ....................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Raise of Problem and Meaning of Research ..................................................... 1 1.2 Current Situation of the Research at Home and Abroad .......................................... 1 1.3 Existing Problems .................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research Contents and s .............................................................................. 7 2 Distribution of Residual Pillars and Recovery Program Design .......................... 9 2.1 Production Status ..................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Introduction of Residual Pillars and Recovery Area Division ............................... 10 2.3 The Choosion of Succession and Mining Technology ........................................... 14 2.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 15 3 Study on the Strata Pressure Behavior Law and Roadway Supporting Technology of Roadway with Wedge Chain Pillar .................................................. 16 3.1 Strength Criterion of Rock in Unloading Failure .................................................. 16 3.2 Numerical Simulation Study of Surrounding Rock Stability of Driving Roadways Along Goaf................................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Roadway Supporting Design ................................................................................. 30 3.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 40 4 Optimization Design of Residual Pillar Working Face Ventilation System and Coal Transportion System ......................................................................................... 41 4.1 Optimization Design of Ventilation System .......................................................... 41 4.2 Optimization Design of Coal Transportion System ............................................... 48 4.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 52 5 Study On the Safety Precautions of North Main Roadway Pillar Fully Mechanized Coal Face Passing the Crossing Old Roadways ................................. 53 万方数据 VI 5.1 Profile of Crossing Old Roadways ........................................................................ 53 5.2 Determination of Safety Distance .......................................................................... 54 5.3 Design of Crossing Old Roadways’ supporting parameters .................................. 59 5.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 62 6 Industrial Testing .................................................................................................... 63 6.1 Monitoring of Roadway ......................................................................................... 63 6.2 Observation of the Hydraulic Support Resistance ................................................. 69 6.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 71 7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 72 Reference .................................................................................................................... 74 Authors Resume ........................................................................................................ 78 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 79 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 80 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线图 8 Figure 1-1 Routes of technology 8 图 2-1 残留煤柱分布图 9 Figure 2-1 The distribution of residual pillars 9 图 2-2 北大巷煤柱 10 Figure 2-2 North main roadway pillar 10 图 2-3 北大巷煤柱回收范围划分方案一 10 Figure 2-3 Program one of north main roadway pillar recovery area division 10 图 2-4 北大巷煤柱回收范围划分方案二 10 Figure 2-4 Program two of north main roadway pillar recovery area division 10 图 2-5 东 65 煤柱 11 Figure 2-5 East65 pillar 11 图 2-6 东 65 煤柱回收范围划分方案一 12 Figure2-6 Program one of east65 pillar recovery area division 12 图 2-7 东 65 煤柱回收范围划分方案二 12 Figure 2-7 Program two of east65 pillar recovery area division 12 图 2-8 工广煤柱 13 Figure 2-8 Industrial square pillar 13 图 2-9 工广煤柱工作面布置 14 Figure 2-9 Working face arrangement of industrial square pillar 14 图 2-10 残留煤柱接替方案 15 Figure 2-10 Program of residual pillar succession 15 图 3-1 回采巷道位置 16 Figure3-1 Position of roadway 16 图 3-2 646 采空区上覆岩层平面图 17 Figure3-2 The planar graph of the goafs overlying rock structure 17 图 3-3 采空区边界上覆岩层结构剖面图 17 Figure3-3 The profile graph of the goafs overlying rock structure 17 图 3-4 煤柱（体）的弹塑性变形区及垂直应力分布 18 Figure3-4 Elastic plastic deation zone and vertical stress distribution of coal 18 图 3-5 沿空掘巷上覆岩层平面图 18 Figure3-5 The planar graph of driving roadways alon