岩层爆破切顶采动应力阻断机理及演化规律研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 岩层爆破切顶采动应力阻断机理 及演化规律研究 Study on the Mechanism and Evolution Law of Stress Interruption during Roof Cutting by Rock Blasting 作者徐晓鼎 导师周跃进 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所 撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为 教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规， 同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 中图分类号TD7学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 国家自然科学基金项目51874289 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2018YFC0604705 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目2018ZDPY05 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 岩层爆破切顶采动应力阻断机理 及演化规律研究 Study on the mechanism and evolution law of mining stress cracking in rock burst blasting 作者徐晓鼎导师周跃进 申请学位工学硕士培养单位 力学与土木工程学院 学科专业工程力学研究方向采动岩体力学 答辩委员会主席刘伟群评 阅 人张寅、茅献彪 二○一九年五月 致致谢谢 光阴似箭，岁月如梭。三年研究生生涯转瞬即逝，在硕士论文即将完成之 际，回首三年寒窗苦读，甜苦与喜忧并存，一路走来予我帮助者实在太多，在 此表示衷心感谢。 首先，衷心感谢恩师周跃进研究员的谆谆教诲与悉心关怀，并致以最真挚 的祝福。自步入师门，恩师严谨治学和认真做事的态度一直影响着我，使我能 够认真对待科研和生活中的每一个难题。感谢周老师对我论文的指点和启发， 论文的选题、撰写及修改成稿无不凝聚着周老师的心血和智慧。感谢周老师在 我三年硕士生涯中的教诲和指导，不仅丰富了我的理论知识，而且到煤矿一线 实践，使理论与实践有机结合。感谢周老师在生活上的无私关心和帮助，提高 了我的工作效率，培养了我坚韧的意志，这将使我受用一生。 感谢茅献彪教授、白海波教授、王连国教授、陈占清教授、陆银龙副教授 及冯梅梅副教授在论文选题方面给与的指导，使我能够及时完善并明晰论文架 构。感谢高峰教授、马占国教授、浦海教授及巨峰教授在论文预答辩环节给与 的中肯意见和指导，使我能够及时纠正不足，顺利完成论文。 感谢同门师兄弟曹正正博士、张奇博士、汪尔乾硕士、郭冲硕士、王明宇 硕士、刘学硕士、庞顺硕士、李晓彤硕士、李萌硕士、马永东硕士、郑丽辉硕 士、朱亚坤硕士在论文方面给予的帮助，特别感谢师弟李明鹏硕士及申涛硕士 在数值模拟方面给予的无私帮助 感谢父母对我学业付出，父母勤劳朴实、踏实勇敢的精神一直影响着我生 活中的点滴，激励着我的成长；感谢与我相濡以沫的女友檀晓云硕士，七年异 地，不离不弃，后面路还很长，我们仍需加油努力 感谢论文中所引文献的作者和前辈们，您们的研究成果丰富了我的研究思 路，是本论文得以顺利完成的基础。 感谢中国矿业大学的培养感谢力学与土木工程学院、深部岩土力学与地 下工程国家重点实验室给予的科研支持 最后衷心感谢在百忙之中评审本论文的各位专家和学者，感谢您们对本论 文提出的宝贵意见和建议；祝您们工作顺利，身体健康，一切如意 2019 年 5 月 I 摘摘要要 采场上覆有厚硬关键层存在时会引起工作面超前支承应力影响范围增大现 象，若护巷煤柱预留尺寸不足，将导致工作面前方大巷变形严重，增加巷道维 护成本，或者使得预留护巷煤柱尺寸增大，不利于提高煤炭回采率。因此，对 关键层影响下超前支承应力卸压控制研究，具有重要的工程意义。为此，本文 提出了岩层爆破切顶卸压采动应力控制技术来控制采场动压影响范围大的问 题，并运用理论分析、数值模拟等研究方法，系统分析了岩层爆破切顶卸压机 理及卸压后采动应力演化规律，并将研究成果成功运用到平煤八矿 14200 工作 面工程实践，其主要研究成果如下 4 个方面 （1）基于岩体爆破损伤理论将爆破卸压带分区，分析了各分区岩石破坏损 伤机理，并计算了各区的损伤半径。同时，基于各分区损伤机理并结合分形损 伤、软弱面拉杆破坏理论分别建立了粉碎区的岩石颗粒度分形损伤模型和裂隙 区软弱面拉杆破坏损伤度模型，求得各区损伤度解析式，并运用 LS-DYNA 数 值软件对理论解进行拟合分析。 （2）通过分析采场应力分布规律及类型，得出扰动巷道的主要采动应力为 煤层开挖后产生的超前支承静荷载及岩层破断产生的动荷载，并基于应力转移 理论及断层周边应力分布特征，建立了切顶卸压后采场应力分布模型，分析了 岩层静载转移机理，揭示了岩层切顶卸压采动应力场的传递规律；基于应力波 透射理论，建立了动载多层介质透射衰减力学模型，分析了采场动荷载在爆破 卸压带传递衰减机理，揭示爆破卸压作用对采场动载的衰减演化规律。 （3）运用数值模拟软件研究了不同卸压水平位置及不同卸压高度影响下的 采动应力演化规律，结果表明切顶卸压位置选择超前支承应力峰值附近时，应 力阻断效果越明显，卸压带两侧应力差值越大，超前支承应力影响范围越小， 巷道变形量较卸压前减小近 2/3，但卸压后超前支承应力峰值有增加现象。 （4）基于理论模型、数值模拟分析并结合工程地质条件，优化了岩层爆破 切顶方案，设计制定了爆破切顶参数及工艺流程，并对采动应力进行实时监测， 结果表明，岩层爆破切顶技术阻断工作面超前支承应力传播的效果明显，将其 影响范围缩短了近 1/3，对减小护巷煤柱尺寸提高矿山回采率及动压巷道变形控 制有重要意义。 该论文有图 38 幅，表 7 个，参考文献 91 篇。 关键词关键词采动应力；爆破切顶；分形理论；无落差断层；应力阻断 II Abstract When the thick and hard key layer is covered on the stope, the influence range of the supporting surface of the working face will increase. If the reserved size of the coal pillar is insufficient, the roadway in front of the working face will be seriously deed, and the maintenance cost of the roadway will be increased. The size of the coal pillars of the reserved roadway is increased, which is not conducive to improving the coal recovery rate. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to study the preload stress relief control under the influence of key layers. To this end, this paper proposes the problem of controlling the dynamic pressure of the stope by using the rock burst blasting top pressure relief mining stress control technology, and using the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and other research s to systematically analyze the rock burst blasting top pressure relief machine. The evolution law of mining stress after pressure relief and the successful application of the research results to the 14200 working face engineering practice of Pingdingshan No. 8 Mine, the main research results are as follows 1 Based on the theory of rock mass blasting damage, the blasting pressure relief zone is divided, the damage mechanism of each zone rock damage is analyzed, and the damage radius of each zone is calculated. At the same time, based on the damage mechanism of each zone and the theory of fractal damage, weak face tie rod damage and micro-crack propagation damage, the mechanical model of damage degree of each zone is established, and the damage degree analytical ula of each zone is obtained, and LS-DYNA numerical software is used. The fitting analysis of the theoretical solution shows that the theoretical calculation and numerical analysis have a good fit. 2 By analyzing the distribution law and type of the stope stress, the main mining stress of the disturbed roadway is the static load generated by the coal seam and the dynamic load generated by the rock stratum breaking. For this reason, based on the theory of stress transfer and fault mechanics, the stress distribution model of the stope after debarge pressure relief is established, and the static load transfer mechanism of rock blasting is analyzed, and the transfer law of rock mass III decompression and mining stress is revealed. At the same time, based on the stress wave transmission theory, the transmission attenuation mechanical model of dynamic multi-layer dielectric is established. The transmission attenuation mechanism of the dynamic load of the stope in the blasting pressure relief belt is analyzed, and the decay evolution law of the blasting pressure relief on the dynamic load of the stope is revealed. 3 Using the numerical simulation software to study the evolution law of mining pressure under the influence of different pressure relief level and different pressure relief heights, the results show that the pressure relief effect is more obvious when the pressure relief position is selected near the peak of the support stress, the leading support stress The smaller the influence range, the deation of the roadway is reduced by nearly 2/3 compared with that before the pressure relief, but the peak value of the lead support stress after pressure relief increases. 4 Basedontheoreticalmodel,numericalsimulation andanalysisof engineering geological conditions, the pressure relief scheme for rock burst blasting is optimized, the blasting pressure relief area, parameters and process flow are designed and designed, and the mining stress is monitored in real time. The results show that Rock blasting pressure relief can effectively block the propagation of the supporting pressure of the working face, and reduce its influence range by nearly 1/3. It is of great significance to reduce the coal pillar size of the roadway and improve the mine recovery rate and dynamic pressure roadway deation control. The dissertation includes 39 pictures, 7 tables, and 91 references. Key words Mining stress; top pressure relief; fractal damage; fault mechanics; stress transfer IV 目目录录 摘摘要要..................................................................................................................................I 目目录录...............................................................................................................................IV 图清单图清单............................................................................................................................ VIII 表清单表清单...............................................................................................................................XI 变量注释表变量注释表......................................................................................................................XII 1 绪论绪论................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景及意义................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状................................................................................................... 1 1.3 研究内容与研究方法........................................................................................... 6 1.4 研究技术路线....................................................................................................... 7 2 爆破作用下岩石的损伤度分析爆破作用下岩石的损伤度分析......................................................................................8 2.1 岩石损伤的定义....................................................................................................................8 2.2 岩体爆破卸压的损伤范围................................................................................................10 2.3 爆破卸压区损伤度力学模型...........................................................................................12 2.4 爆破作用岩石损伤数值分析...........................................................................................18 2.5 本章小结................................................................................................................................21 3 岩层爆破切顶采动应力阻断机理研究岩层爆破切顶采动应力阻断机理研究........................................................................22 3.1 切顶前采场应力分布及类别...........................................................................................22 3.2 岩层爆破切顶静荷载转移分析...................................................................................... 23 3.3 动荷载穿爆破卸压带的透射衰减分析.........................................................................31 3.4 本章小结................................................................................................................................35 4 岩层切顶动压阻断演化数值分析岩层切顶动压阻断演化数值分析................................................................................37 4.1 FLAC3D 数值模型建立....................................................................................................37 4.2 不同水平位置切顶卸压分析...........................................................................................39 4.3 不同高度切顶卸压分析....................................................................................................46 4.4 切顶前后卸压效果对比分析...........................................................................................53 4.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................................54 5 岩层爆破卸压技术工程应用岩层爆破卸压技术工程应用........................................................................................56 5.1 工程概况................................................................................................................................56 V 5.2 爆破卸压方案及参数确定................................................................................................57 5.3 爆破卸压效果监测..............................................................................................................61 5.4 本章小结................................................................................................................................64 6 结论及展望结论及展望....................................................................................................................65 6.1 结论........................................................................................................................................65 6.2 展望........................................................................................................................................66 参考文献参考文献...........................................................................................................................67 作者简历作者简历...........................................................................................................................73 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明.......................................................................................................75 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集...............................................................................................................76 VI Contents Abstract...............................................................................................................................I Contents............................................................................................................................IV List of Figures................................................................................................................VIII List of Tables....................................................................................................................XI List of Variables..............................................................................................................XII 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Purpose and Significance........................................................................1 1.2 Domestic and Foreign Research Situation..............................................................1 1.3 Research Contents and s.............................................................................6 1.4 Research Technology Route................................................................................... 7 2 DamageAnalysis of Rock under Blasting.....................................................................8 2.1Definition of Rock Damage.................................................................................................8 2.2Damage Range of Rock Mass Blasting Pressure Relief..............................................10 2.3Mechanical Model of Damage Degree in Blasting Pressure Relief Zone...............12 2.4Numerical Analysis of Rock Damage Caused by Blasting.........................................18 2.5Summary.................................................................................................................................21 3 Study on Mechanism of Blocking Mining Stress in Rock Burst...............................22 3.1Stress Distribution and Category of Stope before Cutting..........................................22 3.2Analysis of Static Load Transfer in Rock Blasting Cutting........................................23 3.3 Transmission Attenuation Analysis of Dynamic Load through Blasting Pressure Relief Belt.................................................................................................................... 31 3.4Summary.................................................................................................................................35 4 Numerical Analysis of Evolution Law of Dynamic Pressure Blocking in Rock Cutting..........................................................................................................................37 4.1 FLAC3D Numerical Model Establishment....................................................................37 4.2Analysis of Pressure Relief at Different Horizontal Positions...................................39 4.3 Different Height Cutting Top Pressure ReliefAnalysis.............................................. 46 4.4 Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Pressure Relief and Roadway before and after Blasting.........................................................................................................................53 4.5 Summary........................................