深部高应力巷道锚杆支护优化设计研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 深部高应力巷道锚杆支护优化设计研究 硕士学位论文 深部高应力巷道锚杆支护优化设计研究 学位类型学位类型 学术型学位 学科（专业学位类别）学科（专业学位类别） 矿业工程 作者姓名作者姓名 陈鑫源 导 师 姓 名 及 职 称导 师 姓 名 及 职 称 朱永建副教授 实 践 导 师 姓 名 及 职 称实 践 导 师 姓 名 及 职 称 余伟健副教授 学院名称学院名称 能源与安全工程学院 论文提交日期论文提交日期 2015 年 6 月 1 日 密级密级公开 中图分类号中图分类号TD353 深部高应力巷道锚杆支护优化设计研究深部高应力巷道锚杆支护优化设计研究 学位类型学位类型 学术型学位 学科（专业学位类别）学科（专业学位类别） 矿业工程 作者姓名作者姓名 陈鑫源 导 师 姓 名 及 职 称导 师 姓 名 及 职 称 朱永建副教授 实 践 导 师 姓 名 及 职 称实 践 导 师 姓 名 及 职 称 余伟健副教授 学院名称学院名称 能源与安全工程学院 论文提交日期论文提交日期 2015 年6 月 1 日 Research on optimization design of bolting support in deep two sides support parameters bolt length 2.4m, bolt diameter 22mm, bolt spacing of 0.8m0.8m, the angle between the bolt and roof was 25 degrees, and the angle between the bolt and bottom was 25 degrees. Using MATLAB software to carry out the matrix calculation, the regression equation and the corresponding regression coefficient of help shift amount, roof subsidence, roof and floor shift were obtained, through the regression equation of two sides roadway shift amount, roof subsidence and roof and floor shift nearly amount of energy to approximate quantitative prediction. By the of numerical simulation for pressure pipe different pressure points to carry on the simulation analysis, high strength prestressed pressure bolt optimal point to 150 kN. By means of numerical simulation to analyze deation failure characteristics, stress distribution rules and displacement distribution rules of surrounding rock afterusing the optimal support scheme in deep high stress roadway. In the roadway excavation process, vertical stress peak did not change significantly, generally with 28MPa fluctuation. Stress concentration in front of heading face, the peak stress was about 25.2MPa. During the excavation process, the vertical displacement changes along with the excavation, the roof and floor displacement increased gradually, roof and floor displacement in the 25m was nearly 128mm, the top floor displacement of surrounding rock increased about 80mm. The optimal support scheme was applied to the field practice, stress of roadway surface displacement and bolt force during the monitoring, in the early stage of the nearer quantity of top floor and the convergence between the two sidewalls severe changes of surrounding rock, and then gradually stabilized, the final value in the range of allowable in roof bolt, help bolt force was increased gradually and finally tended to be stable, respectively, the roof bolt can make the pressure, but due to the existence of the pressure pipe, effectively prevent the bolt broken. Field application showed that bolt supporting parameters design were reasonable and effective, and support scheme optimization decision result was reasonable, the support scheme can completely meet the requirement of roadway in the service period of production. Keywords deep roadway;bolting ；； optimal design ；； numerical simulation ；； high strength prestressed let pressure bolt 湖南科技大学矿业工程硕士学位论文 目录 摘 要摘 要...........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT I ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................I 第一章 绪 论 I 第一章 绪 论.............................................................................................................................1 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义..................................................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.........................................................................................................................................2 1.2.1 深部巷道围岩力学变形机制..................................................................................................................2 1.2.2 深井矿压理论及围岩控制技术.............................................................................................................3 1.3 论文研究的主要内容..................................................................................................................................5 1.4 研究方法和技术路线..................................................................................................................................5 第二章 深部巷道围岩变形破坏机理分析第二章 深部巷道围岩变形破坏机理分析.............................................................................. 7 7 2.1 深部巷道围岩变形破坏特征......................................................................................................................7 2.2 深部巷道发生大变形的影响因素..............................................................................................................8 2.2.1 原岩应力水平..........................................................................................................................................8 2.2.2 支护方式和强度......................................................................................................................................8 2.2.3 围岩力学特征..........................................................................................................................................8 2.2.4 现场施工手段.........................................................................................................................................9 2.3 围岩大变形的破坏机理分析......................................................................................................................9 2.4 围岩稳定性力学分析................................................................................................................................10 2.4.1 建立力学计算模型...............................................................................................................................11 2.4.2 应变软化区的应力和位移...................................................................................................................13 2.4.3 残余变形区的应力和位移...................................................................................................................15 2.4.4 应变软化区和残余变形区的半径........................................................................................................16 2.5 本章小结...................................................................................................................................................17 第三章 深部巷道锚杆支护优化设计第三章 深部巷道锚杆支护优化设计.................................................................................... 1919 3.1 锚杆支护设计方法....................................................................................................................................19 3.1.1 回采巷道围岩稳定性分类及支护设计建议........................................................................................19 3.1.2 支护设计方法........................................................................................................................................20 3.2 不同方案下锚杆支护效果数值模拟........................................................................................................21 3.2.1 建立数值计算模型................................................................................................................................22 3.2.2 不同锚杆长度，锚杆直径，锚杆间排距，锚杆预紧力的支护效果................................................22 湖南科技大学矿业工程硕士学位论文 3.3 正交数值计算的试验方案........................................................................................................................24 3.3.1 试验因素与设计水平............................................................................................................................24 3.3.2 正交数值试验计算结果........................................................................................................................27 3.3.3 极差分析................................................................................................................................................29 3.3.4 回归分析................................................................................................................................................34 3.3.5 高强预应力让压锚杆............................................................................................................................35 3.3.6 锚杆支护方案确定................................................................................................................................36 3.4 高强预应力让压锚杆让压点的确定........................................................................................................37 3.4.1 无让压管时顶板下沉量与锚杆轴力的关系图....................................................................................38 3.4.2 顶板下沉量与锚杆轴力的关系图（让压点为 60KN）.....................................................................38 3.4.3 顶板下沉量与锚杆轴力的关系图（让压点为 100KN）...................................................................39 3.4.4 顶板下沉量与锚杆轴力的关系图（让压点为 150KN）...................................................................40 3.5 本章小结....................................................................................................................................................40 第四章 高应力巷道锚杆支护数值分析第四章 高应力巷道锚杆支护数值分析................................................................................ 4343 4.1 煤层顶底板赋存特征................................................................................................................................43 4.2 巷道模型建立和模拟方案设计................................................................................................................44 4.2.1 建立巷道三维模型...............................................................................................................................44 4.2.2 数值模拟计算方案................................................................................................................................45 4.3 数值计算结果对比分析............................................................................................................................46 4.3.1 方案一和方案二围岩位移量及应力分布情况对比............................................................................46 4.3.1.1 围岩垂直应力分布对比.....................................................................................................................46 4.3.1.2 围岩垂直位移分布对比.....................................................................................................................47 4.3.2 模拟方案二掘进过程中不同阶段巷道围岩垂直应力变化................................................................48 4.3.3 模拟方案二掘进过程中不同阶段巷道围岩垂直位移变化................................................................50 4.4 本章小结....................................................................................................................................................53 第五章 工程实践第五章 工程实践.....................................................................................................................5555 5.1 工程地质概况............................................................................................................................................55 5.2 支护方案设计............................................................................................................................................58 5.2.1 巷道断面设计........................................................................................................................................58 5.2.2 支护参数设计........................................................................................................................................58 5.2.2.1 顶板锚杆设计参数.............................................................................................................................59 5.2.2.2 两帮锚杆设计参数.............................................................................................................................59 5.2.2.3 特殊地段支护设计参数.....................................................................................................................59 湖南科技大学矿业工程硕士学位论文 5.3 支护工艺....................................................................................................................................................60 5.3.1 工艺流程................................................................................................................................................60 5.3.2 锚杆、锚索安装要求............................................................................................................................60 5.3.2.1 安装顶板锚杆.....................................................................................................................................60 5.3.2.2 安装帮锚杆.........................................................................................................................................60 5.3.2.3 安装顶板锚索.....................................................................................................................................61 5.3.2.4 锚网支护技术要求.............................................................................................................................61 5.4 支护效果监测与分析................................................................................................................................61 5.4.1 巷道表面位移监测................................................................................................................................61 5.4.2 锚杆受力监测........................................................................................................................................62 5.4.3 监测结果分析........................................................................................................................................62 5.4.3.1 巷道表面位移变化.............................................................................................................................62 5.4.3.2 锚杆锚固力变化分析.........................................................................................................................64 5.5 本章小结....................................................................................................................................................66 第六章 结论与展望第六章 结论与展望.................................................................................................................6767 6.1 主要结论....................................................................................................................................................67 6.2 研究展望....................................................................................................................................................68 参考文献参考文献...................................................................................................................................69 致谢 69 致谢.....................................................................................................................................73 攻读硕士学位期间主持和参与的科研项目及发表的学术论文 73 攻读硕士学位期间主持和参与的科研项目及发表的学术论文..........................................7575 湖南科技大学矿业工程硕士学位论文 -1- 第一章 绪 论第一章 绪 论 1.1 选题背景及研究意义选题背景及研究意义 煤炭是我国的主要能源和重要的工业原料，是我国一次性能源消费的主体，在我国 能源结构中占着十分重要的地位，在未来相当长的一段的时期内，我国仍将是以煤为主 的能源结构。研究预计在 2020 年煤炭仍占一次能源生产和消费总量的 60以上，煤炭 消费总量将达到 42 亿吨左右[2]，煤炭工业仍具有较大的发展空间。 我国煤炭资源总体丰富，总储量达到 5.57 万亿吨，但是有 2.95 万亿吨的煤炭埋藏 深度在 1000m 以下， 约占总量 53， 埋深在 1000 m1500 m 的煤炭储量有 1.2 万亿吨[1]。 随着浅部煤炭资源的逐渐枯竭，一大部分矿井都将转入或即将转入深部开采，开采向深 部发展成为煤炭开采的必然趋势。根据资料统计，我国现在已有很多开采深度超过 600m～800m 的矿井，有