深井大采高工作面采动应力分布特征与冲击危险研究.pdf

分类号分类号 TD324 TD324 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D CU D C 单位代码单位代码 1042410424 学学 位位 论论 文文 深井大采高工作面采动应力分布深井大采高工作面采动应力分布 特征与冲击危险研究特征与冲击危险研究 李安民李安民 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名 蒋金泉蒋金泉 职职 称称 教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二零一二年五月二零一二年五月 论文题目论文题目 深井大采高工作面采动应力分布深井大采高工作面采动应力分布 特征与冲击危险研究特征与冲击危险研究 作者姓名作者姓名 李安民李安民 入学时间入学时间 2009 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称采矿工程采矿工程 研究方向研究方向 矿山压力及其控制矿山压力及其控制 指导教师指导教师 蒋金泉蒋金泉 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2012 年年 5 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2012 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 RESEARCH ON THE DANGER OF BURST AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MINING STRESS IN GREAT MINING HEIGHT FACE OF DEEP MINES A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Li Anmin Supervisor Professor Jiang Jinquan College of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering May 2012 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 1 摘摘 要要 唐口煤矿煤层埋深-990m，煤层具有强冲击倾向，地质构造复杂，具有较强的冲击 危险性。本文以唐口煤矿为工程背景，采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法，研 究了深井大采高工作面采动应力的分布特征和冲击危险性预测、防治技术。 采用 RFPA2D数值模拟软件研究了深井大采高工作面覆岩运动过程中矿压显现规律。 研究表明工作面推进过程中，主应力向两侧转移，且大致沿岩层移动角出现扇形应力 降低区；在大采高工作面开采中形成的主承载结构在高位形成；声发射震源在变形开始 时随机分布于加载模型内部，随后便向最终破裂面集中，且具有群集性特征，AE 密集 区与非常扩容区、破碎区等具有良好的对应关系；采空区上方覆岩破坏和位移具有明显 的分带性，空间形态大致呈对称的“马鞍形”分布。 采用 UDEC2D数值模拟软件分别研究了采深、采高和断层对于大采高工作面采动应 力场的影响规律。研究表明随着采深增大，大采高工作面超前顶板岩层塑性破坏明显， 超前支承压力峰值大致呈线性增大，峰值位置、影响范围基本保持稳定；随着采高的增 大，超前支承压力增高区应力集中程度增加，煤壁偏帮现象严重；断层构造对大采高工 作面应力场、位移场及能量传递都具有明显的“隔断作用”，在断层面附近形成应力增高 区，其应力集中程度逆断层要高于正断层；定义了断层的活化要素，即“活化因子”和 “活化距离” 。 通过模拟发现， 在采深为1000m、 采高为6m时， 正断层活化距离为4060m， 逆断层约为 50m，且逆断层的活化因子大于正断层。 利用微震监测法、 围岩动态法、 钻孔应力监测和多因素综合预测方法对 1305 工作面 的冲击危险性进行综合评价和分析，确定了 1305 工作面五个冲击危险区。 提出了冲击地压的主动防治体系，即建立冲击地压防治的时空预警机制，根据“主 动防治体系”制订了 1305 工作面 5冲击危险区的解危技术方案，并取得了较好的卸压 解危效果。 关键词关键词深井；大采高；采动应力；冲击地压；断层活化；综合防治 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT 2 ABSTRACT Tangkou coal mine is located in the west of Jining City ,Shandong Porvince,with the coal seam depth of -990m. Due to the impact of mine its own geological structure and mining environmental conditions ,making that the Tangkou mine has a strong rockburst hazard. Taking Tangkou mine as the engineering background, this paper studied the stress distribution characteristics of deep mine large cutting height workface and the impact of risk prediction, prevention and control technology by using the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement s. Adopting RFPA2D numerical simulation software, we sudied the strata behavior regularity in the process of overburden strata movement in deep mine large cutting height workface.Studies have shown that in the course of mining process, the main stress is transferred to both sides and appeared the fan-shaped decreased area roughly along the rock movement angle when the. The rock beam structure,which played the decisive bearing capacity in deep mine large cutting height worface, ed at a high level. The range of the caving zone increases in the longitudinal expansion scope. Acoustic emission source distributed inside the loaded model at the begining of the deation, and then concentrated on the final fracture surface, with the cluster charateristics. AE intensive areas and expansion of district ,broken areas have good corresponding relationship. Destruction and displacement of strata above gob area has obvious zonation, the spatial showed a roughly symmetrical „saddle-shaped‟ distribution. Adopting UDEC2D numerical simulation software, we researched on the influence law of the sress field effected by the mining depth, mining height, and faults for large mining height face.Studies have shown that with the increase of mining depth，the plasticity destruction of the advance roof strata in large mining height workface became apparent, peak of lead abutment pressure roughly increase linearly, the peak position and the affected areas remained stable; with the increase of mining height, the stress concentration degree of the increased district of abutment pressure in coal face increased, rib spalling was serious; fault structures has a significant ‘blocking effect’on the stress field, displacement field and the energy transfer caused by large mining height workface; meanwhile the increased district of stress 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT 3 ed near the fault plane,the reverse faults‟degree of stress concentration is higher than the normal faults‟; defined the activation elements of fault ,they are „activating factor‟ and „activation distance‟.By simulation, we found that the normal faults‟ activating distance is 4060m,the reverse faults‟ is about 50m and the reverse faults‟activating factor is greater than the normal faults‟ when the mining depth is 1000m and the mining height is 6m. We did a comprehensive uation and analysis on rock burst hazard by using microseismic monitoring , dynamic of the surrounding rock, borehole stress monitoring and muti-factor prediction ,finally determined the five rockburst hazaradous area of 1305 coal face. Putting forward the idea of „The initiative prevention system of rockburst‟, advocating that the space-time warning mechanism should be established in the prevention work of rockburst. We determined the escape routes of 5 rockburst hazaradous area in 1305 coal face based on the initiative prevention system and achieved good results. Keywordsdeep wells; large mining height; mining stress; rockburst; fault activation, integrated control 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 4 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题来源和立论背景........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 课题研究目的、理论意义................................................................................................ 2 1.3 国内外研究现状、发展动态............................................................................................ 3 1.4 主要研究内容及技术路线................................................................................................ 4 2 工程地质概况工程地质概况 ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 井田概况............................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 煤层赋存特征 ................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 工作面地质条件................................................................................................................ 9 2.4 地应力环境及顶板聚能特性.......................................................................................... 11 3 深部大采高工作面顶板结构力学模型及其对冲深部大采高工作面顶板结构力学模型及其对冲击地压的影响击地压的影响....................................... 14 3.1 深部大采高工作面覆岩运动规律.................................................................................. 14 3.2 深部大采高工作面支承压力的分布规律...................................................................... 17 3.3 深部大采高工作面顶板岩层对冲击地压的影响规律.................................................. 23 3.4 小结.................................................................................................................................. 28 4 深井大采高工作面覆岩破坏过程数值分析深井大采高工作面覆岩破坏过程数值分析 ....................................................................... 29 4.1 岩石力学数值计算及破裂过程分析系统...................................................................... 29 4.2 数值计算模型的建立...................................................................................................... 29 4.3 RFPA2D数值模拟结果与分析 ........................................................................................ 31 4.4 小结.................................................................................................................................. 36 5 深部大采高工作面采动应力分布规律数值分析深部大采高工作面采动应力分布规律数值分析 ............................................................... 38 5.1 UDEC2D简介 ................................................................................................................... 38 5.2 数值模拟方案及参数选取.............................................................................................. 38 5.3 采深对大采高煤层矿压显现的影响.............................................................................. 40 5.4 采高对深井工作面矿压显现的影响.............................................................................. 50 5.5 断层构造对深井大采高工作面矿压显现的影响.......................................................... 56 5.6 本章小结.......................................................................................................................... 62 6 深部大采高工作面冲击危险性的前兆识别深部大采高工作面冲击危险性的前兆识别 ....................................................................... 64 6.1 冲击危险的微震监测分析.............................................................................................. 64 6.2 支承压力显现特征的围岩动态监测分析...................................................................... 70 6.3 支承压力分布特征的钻孔应力监测分析...................................................................... 73 6.4 多因素综合预测方法...................................................................................................... 76 6.5 唐口煤矿冲击危险性评价及危险区划分 ..................................................................... 81 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 5 6.6 小结 ................................................................................................................................. 82 7 5冲击危险区综合防治与解危实践冲击危险区综合防治与解危实践 ................................................................................... 84 7.1 5区域危险性分析 .......................................................................................................... 84 7.2 爆破卸压机理及参数确定 ............................................................................................. 85 7.3 爆破方案及效果检验 ..................................................................................................... 87 7.4 小结.................................................................................................................................. 93 8 主要结论主要结论 .............................................................................................................................. 94 致致 谢谢 ...................................................................................................................................... 97 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 98 攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果 ........................................................................................................ 102 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Contents 6 Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Raising of project ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The research purposes and theoretical significance2 1.3 The present research situation and development trends at home and abroad.3 1.4 The main research contents and technical route.4 2 Geological situation of construction.8 2.1 General situation of coal mine field.....8 2.2 Occurrence feature of coal seam......9 2.3 Geologic conditions of coal face......9 2.4 Ground stress environment and characteristic of roof spot energy..11 3 Structural mechanics model of deep large cutting height workface and its impact on the influence of ground pressure14 3.1 The overburden strata movement in deep large cutting height workface ..14 3.2 The distribution of abutment pressure in deep large cutting height workface..17 3.3 Influence law of rock burst affected by roof strata of deep large cutting height workface23 3.4 Brief summary28 4 The numerical analysis of overburden mining-induced destructive process in deep mine large cutting height workface29 4.1 Rock mechanics numerical calculation and analysis system of destructive process29 4.2 The establishment of numerical calculation model..29 4.3 RFPA2D numerical simulation results and analysis .31 4.4 Brief summary..36 5 The numerical analysis of disturbance stress distribution regularity in deep well large cutting height workface.38 5.1 Brief introduction of distinct element ..38 5.2 Numerical simulation program and the selection of parameters..38 5.3 The effect of the increase mining depth on the strata behaviors in large height coal seam..40 5.4 Effect of the increase mining height on strata behaviors in deep mines workface .50 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Contents 7 5.5 The effect of fault structure on the strata behaviors in deep mine large cutting height workface56 5.6 Brief summary..62 6 Rock-burst risk precursor recognition technology in large cutting height workface64 6.1 Microseism monitoring 64 6.2 Dynamic monitoring of coal seam surrounding rock..71 6.3 Borehole stress monitoring...73 6.4 Muti-factor prediction 76 6.5 Rockburst hazard uation and classification of hazardous area in Tangkou Coal Mine.81 6.6 Brief summary..82 7 Integrated control and practice of precaution measures in 5 rockburst area...84 7.1 Hazard analysis of 5 area..84 7.2 The blasting pressure releasing mechanism and parameter