深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律及围岩控制技术研究(1).pdf

分类号分类号 TD322 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码 10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律 及围岩控制技术研究及围岩控制技术研究 张张 进进 民民 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业名称专业名称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名林林 东东 才才 职职 称称教教 授授 山 东 科 技 大 学 山 东 科 技 大 学 二零一二年六月二零一二年六月 论文题目论文题目 深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律 及围岩控制技术研究及围岩控制技术研究 作者姓名张作者姓名张 进进 民民 入学时间入学时间 2012 年年 9 月月 专业名称采矿工程专业名称采矿工程 研究方向矿山压力与岩层控制研究方向矿山压力与岩层控制 指导教师林指导教师林 东东 才才 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期 2012 年年 6 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 2012 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 2012 年年 6 月月 RESEARCH ON MINING PRESSURE LAW AND SURROUNDING ROCK STABILITY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF ROADWAY UNDER CROSS MINING OF DEEP CLOSE COAL SEAMS A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Zhang Jinmin Supervisor Professor Lin Dongcai College of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering Jun 2012 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名 日 期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 摘摘 要要 随着煤矿开采规模及强度的不断加大，矿井开采已经向深部发展，深部采动引起的 巷道围岩附加变形与破坏将显著增大，近距离变间距跨采底板巷道更是如此，上部煤层 开采对下部煤层已有巷道围岩稳定性影响剧烈，巷道围岩长期处于不稳定状态，跨采工 作面移动支承压力及残留煤柱引起的应力集中向煤层底板传递，作用于巷道围岩引起应 力叠加， 致使跨采底板巷道围岩变形严重， 研究深部近距离跨采煤层底板应力分布规律、 岩层破坏特征与底板巷道围岩应力、变形、破坏演化规律及底鼓治理，加深对跨采巷道 附加变形与破坏机理的认识，有利于对巷道附加变形进行有效控制，提出合理的深部变 间距跨采巷道围岩稳定性控制技术，保证矿井安全高效生产，具有重要的现实意义。 本文采用现场实测、理论分析、室内实验及数值模拟等综合研究方法，对深部近距 离变间距跨采煤巷围岩变形规律和围岩力学特征进行分析研究，通过工程地质分析、实 验室电镜扫描试验及 X 射线衍射试验等对影响跨采煤巷围岩稳定性宏观、微观因素进行 了分析；构建了底板损伤破坏力学模型，分析了底板屈服、损伤破坏深度及最大屈服深 度与煤壁水平距离，研究得出了上煤层开采围岩应力场演化规律及近距跨采巷道主要附 加力源；采用三维动态模拟分析，对跨采煤巷空间位置进行了优化分析，对跨采底板煤 巷动显规律及变形破坏损伤机制进行了深入研究，确定了中等稳定岩层变间距跨采工作 面与底板巷道临界岩柱厚度 20m，为使底板巷道免受多次采动影响及上位煤层开采形成 的煤柱集中支承压力与工作面侧向支承压力叠加影响， 113下08 运顺与 113上01 工作面运 顺水平距离 28m；对跨采煤巷流变变形破坏特征、长期稳定性进行了分析评价；通过对 工程难度评价，确定了距离跨采煤巷围岩控制对策，结合巷道围岩性态、层间距差异等 提出了基于关键部位耦合的分段动态支护技术，制定了锚网支护、锚网单根锚索、锚 网多根锚索及锚网索钢棚的分阶段围岩稳定性控制对策，并对跨采煤巷进行了长期动 态监测，监测结果表明分段动态支护有效地控制了巷道围岩变形，保证了巷道围岩的 整体稳定，为类似地质条件深部变间距跨采巷道围岩稳定性控制提供了重要参考价值。 关键词关键词深部近距离煤层，跨采煤巷，分段动态支护，锚网索耦合支护，动显规律 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Abstract With the mining scale and strength increasing ceaselessly, the mine is gradually turning to the deep mining, deep mining induced roadway surrounding rock deation and failure to increasing significantly, cross mining roadways with close variable distance is even more serious, the mining of upper coal seam seriously affect the surrounding rock stability of the lower coal seam roadway, the surrounding rock of floor roadway will be in an unstable state for long-term, the moving bearing pressure of cross mining working face and the concentration stress of residual coal pillar passed result in stress superposition and the serious deation of surrounding rock of the coal seam floor roadway, Study on mining stress distribution, rock strata failure characteristics of Bottom plate and the stress, deation, damage evolution law of floor roadway surrounding rock and floor heave controlling of the deep close cross coal seam, deepening to cognition of the additional deation and failure mechanism of the cross roadway, it is conducive to controlling deation effectively of the roadway, putting forward reasonable surrounding rock stability control technology of deep close variable distance cross roadway, ensuring coal mine safety and efficient production, it owns important practical significance. The thesis makes use of synthetic study of the field measured, theoretical analysis, experiments and numerical simulation, studying on surrounding rock deation and mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock of deep close variable distance cross mining roadway, based on engineering geology, laboratory scanning electron microscope test and X ray diffraction test , Analyse the macroscopical and microcosmic influence factors of surrounding rock stability of cross coal roadway, Constructing damage mechanics model of Cross mining working face floor, analysing floor yield, damage depth ,the horizontal distance between maximum yield depth and coal wall, studied upper coal mining surrounding rock stress field evolution and mainly additional power source of the close cross roadway, we make use of three-dimensional dynamic simulation analysing spatial location of cross mining roadway, Deeply researching on the MTI regularity and deation damage mechanism of the cross mining coal roadway, identified that interval rock pillar thickness is 20m between variable cross mining working face and floor roadway in moderate stable rock stratum. In order to avoid the floor roadway from multiple mining impact and the pillar focusing pressure ed by coal mining and side bearing pressure superposition effect, level distance is 28m between 11308 transport and 11301 working face transport; established cross mining roadway 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Abstract surrounding rock nonlinear rheological constitutive model, carried on rheological deation and failure characteristics , long-term stability analysis uation of cross mining roadway. Based on the engineering rock group critical depth and engineering difficulty uation, identified that we make use of bolt-net-anchor coupling support controlling surrounding rock of close cross mining coal roadway, , combining with the surrounding rock properties and layer spacing differences, basing on the key parts coupling supporting, putting forward of the segmented dynamic technology, developing phase control strategies of surrounding rock stability of the anchor net support, anchor net single anchor, anchor net multiple anchor, cable and cable anchor steel shed, and carrying long-term ambulatory monitoring on cross mining roadway, The monitoring results show that segmented dynamic supporting can effectively control roadway surrounding rock deation, ensure the overall stability of roadway surrounding rock, provide important reference value for the surrounding rock stability of deep variable spacing cross roadway control for the similar geological condition. Keywords close coal seams in deep mine, coal roadway under cross mining, segmented dynamic supporting, bolt-net-anchor coupling support, dynamic explicit rule 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论1 1.1 课题的提出及研究意义 1 1.2 国内外深部开采及近距离跨采巷道支护研究现状2 1.3 研究内容及技术路线 6 2 深部离层静压水跨采煤巷解危机理及其稳定性影响因素分析深部离层静压水跨采煤巷解危机理及其稳定性影响因素分析8 2.1 深部近距离跨采煤巷工程地质条件分析8 2.2 顶板离层静压涌突水机理及跨采煤巷施工12 2.3 深部近距离跨采底板煤巷围岩稳定性影响因素分析 15 2.4 本章小结17 3 深部跨采围岩应力演化规律及底板损伤破坏状态研究深部跨采围岩应力演化规律及底板损伤破坏状态研究 19 3.1 采动应力分布规律及对近距离底板巷道稳定性影响研究 19 3.2 深部近距离跨采上位煤层残余煤柱稳定性分析22 3.3 深部近距离跨采工作面底板损伤状态分析26 3.4 本章小结32 4 深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律及空间位置优化研究深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律及空间位置优化研究33 4.1 深部近距离煤层跨采巷道空间位置关系理论研究33 4.2 深部近距离跨采煤巷动显规律及空间优化分析37 4.3 本章小结53 5 深部近距离跨采底板煤巷围岩稳定性控制对策研究深部近距离跨采底板煤巷围岩稳定性控制对策研究55 5.1 深部近距离跨采煤巷工程难度评价及控制对策55 5.2 深部近距离跨采底板煤巷围岩控制机理分析56 5.3 深部近距离跨采煤巷围岩长期稳定性分析评价67 5.4 本章小结70 6 深部近距离跨采煤巷围岩稳定性控制技术应用研究深部近距离跨采煤巷围岩稳定性控制技术应用研究72 6.1 跨采底板煤巷分段动态耦合支护参数设计72 6.2 工程应用监测分析与反馈设计77 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 6.3 本章小结81 7 主要结论及展望主要结论及展望82 7.1 主要结论82 7.2 不足与展望84 致致 谢谢85 参考文献参考文献86 攻读硕士期间主要研究成果攻读硕士期间主要研究成果89 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Contents Contents 1 Introduction1 1.1 Presents and significance of research topics1 1.2 Domestic and international research situation of deep mining and cross mining support2 1.3 Research contents and technology routing6 2 Analysis on influencing factors of roadway stability and coalseam geological condition with deep cross mining close distance8 2.1 Analysis on the engineering geological conditions of coal roadway with deep close cross8 2.2 The static water gushing mechanism of roof abscission layer and the cross roadway construction12 2.3 Analysis on stability influence factor of surrounding rock of bottom coal roadway with deep close distance variable cross mining15 2.4 Brief summary17 3 Research on stress evolution of surrounding rock and bottom damage state with deep cross mining19 3.1 Research on the mining stress distribution and influence on close floor roadway stability 19 3.2 Analysis on residual coal pillar stability with deep close cross mining 22 3.3 Analysis on working face floor damage with deep close cross mining26 3.4 Brief summary32 4 Research on mine pressure behavior law and spatial location optimization of coal roadway with deep close distance variable cross mining33 4.1 The theory research on space position relations of cross mining roadway of deep close distance coal seam33 4.2 Analysis on mine pressure behavior law and space optimization of roadway with deep close distance variable cross mining 37 4.3 Brief summary53 5 Research on stability control technology of roadway surrounding rock with deep close distance variable cross mining55 5.1 The engineering difficulty uation and control countermeasures of roadway with deep close 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Contents cross mining55 5.2 The control system of surrounding rock stability of coal roadway with deep close cross mining 56 5.3 Analysis and uation on roadway surrounding rock stability with deep close distance variable cross mining67 5.4 Brief summary70 6 Applied research on stability control technology coal roadway surrounding rock with deep close distance variable cross mining72 6.1 Segment dynamic coupling supporting parameters designing of bottom coal roadway with deep close distance variable cross mining72 6.2 Monitoring analysis of engineering application and feedback designing77 6.3 Brief summary81 7 Main conclusions and suggestion82 7.1 Main conclusions82 7.2 Existing problems and suggestion84 Acknowledegs85 Reference Documents86 Main Work Achievement during Working on Master Time89 山东科技大学硕士学位论文绪论 1 绪论绪论 1.1 课题的提出及研究意义课题的提出及研究意义 随着煤矿开采规模的不断扩大，浅部煤炭资源的逐渐减少，开采工作已经向深部发 展。进入矿井深部，采动引起的巷道围岩附加变形与破坏将显著增大，特别是近距离跨 采巷道更是如此。在某些特定条件下，实行跨巷开采具有生产连续、生产系统简单、生 产集中可靠等优点，但跨巷开采存在巷道维护困难的问题。上部煤层开采对下部煤层已 有巷道围岩稳定性影响剧烈，巷道围岩长期处于不稳定状态下；跨采工作面移动支承压 力向煤层底板传递，作用于巷道围岩引起应力扰动，巷道围岩变形严重。因此，开展深 部近距离跨采煤层底板应力分布规律、岩层破坏特征与底板巷道围岩应力、变形、破坏 演化规律及底鼓治理方面的研究很有必要，可加深对跨采巷道附加变形与破坏机理的认 识，以利于对巷道附加变形进行有效控制。跨采巷道维护日益成为矿井生产中急需解决 的重要问题，因此，在深入研究深部近距离煤层跨采煤巷多次叠加采动影响下矿压显现 规律的基础上， 提出切实合理的跨采巷道围岩稳定性控制技术， 对于维护巷道围岩稳定， 保证矿井安全生产，具有重要的现实意义。 济宁二号煤矿3上与3下煤层间距0.7～39.25m，平均25.66m，层间距小、起伏变化大， 两煤层在十一采区北部合并，向南间距增大。根据矿井生产接续、十一采区构造和煤层 赋存特点，为缓解接续紧张，探测煤层赋存情况，辅助探放邻近区段老空水，需提前施 工113下08工作面运输顺槽和切眼，在113下08面切眼东端施工混凝土密闭墙与113下07面采 空区隔离，密闭墙留设3趟6寸泄水管，探放113下05、113下06、113下07面采空区积水，造 成3上煤层工作面跨采3下煤层回采巷道的局面， 跨采虽然对其下部巷道围岩稳定性有影响， 但跨采松动后底板巷道即处于卸压区，有利于巷道的长期稳定。只要巷道与煤层的层间 距合适，合理确定工作面上下平巷的位置，可避免局部应力集中、冲击地压的发生，对 下位煤层安全开采起到重要保证。因此深部近距离煤层跨采煤巷矿压显现规律及围岩稳 定性控制技术研究己经成为济宁二号煤矿面临的一项重要课题， 关系矿井安全高效生产。 济宁二号煤矿面临的跨采巷道难以维护、深部应力集中型冲击地压等问题同样在全 国各大矿区普遍存在，通过该课题的研究和探索，在掌握上位煤层开采、单侧采空、双 侧采空情况下跨采巷道矿压显现规律的基础上，开发适