兖州矿区综放端头区煤岩的失稳冒放规律及放煤研究.pdf

国家自然科学基金项目（51574220、51174192） 中国矿业大学重大项目培育专项基金（2014ZDPY21） 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目 博士学位论文 兖州矿区综放端头区煤岩的失稳冒放规律 及放煤研究 Study on Instability Caving Law and Coal Caving of Coal and Strata in the End Zone of Mechanized Caving Face in Yanzhou Coal Mine 作 者时成忠 导 师刘长友教授 中国矿业大学 二○一五年十二月 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、 使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权， 即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 中图分类号 TD823 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 兖州矿区综放端头区煤岩的失稳冒放规律 及放煤研究 Study on Instability Caving Law.and Coal Caving of Coal and Strata in the End Zone of Mechanized Caving Face in Yanzhou Coal Mine 作 者 时 成 忠 导 师 刘长友 教授 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力及其控制 答辩委员会主席 张农 评 阅 人 盲审 二〇一五年十二月 致谢 致谢 本文是在尊敬的导师刘长友教授的精心指导下完成的。不论从论文的选题， 总体结构设计，还是具体的理论分析、相似模拟、数值分析等，直至论文成稿， 无不凝聚着导师的智慧和心血。在此过程中，是导师的积极鼓励和指导，才有了 今天论文的顺利完成。多年来，导师严谨求实的治学精神、敏锐的洞察力、高屋 建瓴把握全局的能力，谦和、宽容的为人态度，对事业的执着追求和忘我的工作 精神，深深地感染着我，将使我受益终身。在此，谨向我的导师致以崇高的敬意 和衷心的感谢 感谢矿业工程学院、 兖州矿业集团的领导和老师们多年来在学习和工作上给 予的关心、鼓励和帮助 特别感谢鲁岩副教授、吴锋锋讲师、杨敬轩博士、李建伟博士、赵通博士、 陈宝宝博士、邱教剑硕士、常江元硕士在论文写作、理论分析、数值分析等方面 给予的大力帮助和无私奉献 感谢所有参与现场实践的工程技术人员和论文所引用文献的作者 最后，深深感谢论文的评审专家和答辩专家，感谢您们的辛勤劳动，衷心希 望能得到您的指正和赐教 时成忠 2015 年 10 月 24 日于徐州 I 摘 要 摘 要 我国绝大部分综放工作面两端头不放煤或放少量顶煤，究其根本原因在于后部刮 板输送机采用端头卸煤方式而使机头、机尾部位抬高，导致排头支架后部放煤空间狭 小不利于放煤造成端头区端头区煤炭难以回收。因此本文结合端头交叉侧卸垂直布置 方式，采用现场调研、理论分析、数值计算、工程实践及实测分析相结合的综合研究 方法开展了综放面端头区设备布置方式及放煤空间确定、 端头区煤岩的失稳垮落规律、 煤岩体的运移、冒放规律以及端头区放煤工业性试验等方面的研究。 本文以兖州矿区典型矿井综放开采现状为基础，分析端头区的顶煤损失情况、工 作面的顶煤损失率，研究端头区放煤存在的主要技术问题，为相应技术对策的提出提 供依据。 研究端头区设备布置方式由端卸改为交叉侧卸的空间特点以及对于端头放煤所带 来的优势，进而确定了端头放煤的空间范围。 通过理论分析，建立了工作面端头顶板破断后的大小块体铰接模型，揭示了综放 工作面端头放煤后的端头破断顶板结构的相似性与整体运移规律；通过 3DEC 数值模 拟，建立综放工作面端头区煤岩层计算模型，研究了端头区围岩应力场位移场分布规 律、顶煤和顶板随工作面开采垮落失稳特征以及回采巷道围岩稳定性等，为现场端头 区顶煤的放出提供了依据。 通过 PFC3D 研究不同顶煤硬度、放煤区域和工艺参数对端头区煤岩放落流动的影 响规律以及顶煤回收率，对端头区顶煤进行了易放性分区提出了端头放煤原则，确定 了端头放煤合理放煤区域和工艺参数。 结合兖州矿区东滩煤矿 1306 综放工作面的实际条件， 进行了端头区放煤的现场应 用，并实测分析工作面端头区顶煤运移规律、顶板活动规律、支架承载规律、巷道围 岩变形规律、超前支承压力分布规律等，提出并实施了提高端头区顶煤冒放性与回收 率的技术措施。现场应用取得了良好的技术经济效果。 该论文有图 69 幅，表 17 个，参考文献 138 篇，其中外文文献 26 篇。 关键词关键词综放端头区；交叉侧卸垂直布置；煤岩失稳垮落规律；煤矸放落流动规律； 放煤工艺参数 II Abstract The majority of the two ends of the full mechanized working face in our country don’t release top coal or just put a small amount of top coal. Study the fundamental reason is that the armored flexible chain conveyor uses rear ends unloading leaving head, tail parts of the driver, leading to a narrow caving space and causing end zone coal difficult to recover. Therefore, this paper used on-site investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, an integrated research s and measurement engineering practice combined analysis and carried out caving face end zone and caving equipment arrangement space to determine, instability tip area of coal and rock collapse law, transport of coal and rock, caving of coal industrial test and other aspects of the law. In this paper, Yanzhou typical mechanized caving mine status quo, based on analysis of top coal losses end zone face top coal loss rate, study end zone to put the main technical problem of coal exist, to provide the appropriate technical countermeasures proposed in accordance with. Study end zone by the end of the discharge device arrangement side dump space to cross characteristics and caving to end the benefits, and to determine the end of the spatial extent of caving. By theoretical analysis, the size of the block model Face end hinged rear head plate broken, revealing the similarity ends with the overall migration law Comprehensive Face head after breaking caving roof structure; numerical simulation by 3DEC the establishment of fully mechanized coal caving face end zone rock computational model to study the distribution of stress field of surrounding rock displacement field end zone, and the roof with top coal caving mining face instability characteristics of surrounding rock stability of roadway and mining, etc., top end zone for on-site coal release provided. By PFC3D top coal of different hardness, caving region and process parameters on the end zone put off the flow of coal and rock as well as the influence of top coal recovery area on the tip of easy top coal caving Division presented a tip caving In principle, determine the tip caving reasonable coal region and process parameters. Combined with the actual conditions of Yanzhou Coal Mining 1306 Working Face in Dongtan, conducted a tip zone caving of field application, and measurement analysis face end top coal movement law area, roof movement law, the law of the bracket carries, roadway around rock deation law, abutment pressure distribution etc., proposed and implemented to improve the end zone of III the top coal caving technology and recovery measures. Field application made good technical and economic results. The papers contains 69 figures, 17 tables, 138 references and 26 foreign literature. Keyword ends zone of mechanized mining with top coal caving; cross dropside vertical layout; instability of coal caving law; gangue put off the flow law; caving parameters IV 目 录 目 录 摘 要 ................................................................. I摘 要 ................................................................. I 目 录 ................................................................ IV目 录 ................................................................ IV 图清单 .............................................................. VIII图清单 .............................................................. VIII 表清单 ............................................................... XII表清单 ............................................................... XII 1 绪论 ................................................................. 11 绪论 ................................................................. 1 1.1 问题的提出与研究意义 .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 文献综述 .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容 ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.4 研究方法和思路 ............................................................................................................ 14 2 兖州矿区综放开采端头区顶煤损失率现状及分析 .......................... 152 兖州矿区综放开采端头区顶煤损失率现状及分析 .......................... 15 2.1 东滩矿综放工作面端头区顶煤损失分析 .................................................................... 15 2.2 鲍店矿综放工作面端头区顶煤损失分析 .................................................................... 16 2.3 综放面端头区顶煤的损失形式及原因分析 ................................................................ 19 2.4 综放面端头放煤存在的主要技术问题 ........................................................................ 20 2.5 小结 ................................................................................................................................ 22 3 综放工作面端头区设备布置及放煤空间确定 .............................. 233 综放工作面端头区设备布置及放煤空间确定 .............................. 23 3.1 常规（现有）布置方式及存在问题 ............................................................................ 23 3.2 交叉侧卸垂直布置方式及其优势 ................................................................................ 26 3.3 放煤空间确定 ................................................................................................................ 32 4 综放工作面端头区煤岩的失稳垮落规律 .................................. 374 综放工作面端头区煤岩的失稳垮落规律 .................................. 37 4.1 综放工作面端头顶板块体结构的受力特征及其失稳条件 ........................................ 37 4.2 综放工作面端头区煤岩失稳垮落规律数值计算模型的建立 .................................... 43 4.3 综放工作面端头区围岩应力场分布规律及顶煤板垮落失稳特征 ......................... 46 4.4 端头区放煤对围岩应力场分布及回采巷道稳定性的影响 ........................................ 50 4.5 端头区顶煤垮落失稳特征及煤岩运移规律 ................................................................ 55 4.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 57 5 综放工作面端头区煤岩的冒放规律及合理工艺参数研究 .................... 595 综放工作面端头区煤岩的冒放规律及合理工艺参数研究 .................... 59 5.1 模型的建立及方案 ........................................................................................................ 59 5.2 端头不同放煤区域顶煤的冒放规律 ............................................................................ 62 5.3 不同煤层硬度端头顶煤冒放规律 ................................................................................ 72 5.4 不同采放比端头顶煤冒放规律 .................................................................................... 74 V 5.5 端头区放煤工艺参数确定 ............................................................................................ 77 5.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................ 78 6 工程应用 ............................................................ 796 工程应用 ............................................................ 79 6.1 1306 综放工作面概况 .................................................................................................... 79 6.2 综放工作面端头顶煤运移规律 .................................................................................... 83 6.3 1306 综放面端头区放煤应用及效果分析 .................................................................... 86 6.4 综放面端头区矿压显现规律 ........................................................................................ 88 6.5 经济及社会效益 ............................................................................................................ 92 7 主要结论及展望 ...................................................... 957 主要结论及展望 ...................................................... 95 7.1 主要结论 ........................................................................................................................ 95 7.2 创新点 ............................................................................................................................ 96 7.3 论文展望 ........................................................................................................................ 97 参考文献 .............................................................. 98参考文献 .............................................................. 98 作者简历 ............................................................. 106作者简历 ............................................................. 106 学位论文原创性声明 ................................................... 108学位论文原创性声明 ................................................... 108 学位论文数据集 ....................................................... 109学位论文数据集 ....................................................... 109 VI Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. II Contents ................................................................................................................................ VI List of Figures .................................................................................................................. VIIIVIII List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... XIIXII 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The question and the research significance ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Literature review ............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 The research content ........................................................................................................ 13 1.4 Research s and ideas ............................................................................................ 14 2 Current situation and analysis of the loss rate of top coal in the end zone of mechanized caving face in Yanzhou coal Mine ................................................................ 15 2.1 Analysis of top coal loss in the End Zone of Mechanized Caving Face in DongTan Coal Mine ....................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Analysis of top coal loss in the End Zone of Mechanized Caving Face in BaoDian Coal Mine ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Analysis on the and cause of the loss of top coal in the End Zone of Mechanized Caving Face ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.4 The main technical problems of coal caving in the End Zone of Mechanized Caving Face ....................................................................................................................................... 20 2.5 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 22 3 Determination on equipment layout and top coal caving space of the fully mechanized caving face ends .............................................................................................. 23 3.1 Conventional present arrangement and existing problems .............................................. 23 3.2 Vertical arrangement and advantages of crossing side unloading ................................... 26 3.3 Determination on top coal caving space .......................................................................... 32 4 Instability and collapse of coal and rock in fully mechanized caving face ends ......... 37 4.1 Stress characteristics and instability condition of roof blocks structure in fully mechanized caving face ends ................................................................................................ 37 4.2 Establishment of numerical model for coal and rock instability and collapse in fully mechanized caving face ends ................................................................................................ 43 4.3 Distribution law of surrounding rock stress field and collapse and instability characteristics of top coal roof in fully mechanized caving face ends .................................. 46 VII 4.4 Effect on stress distribution around surrounding rock and stability of the roadway in fully mechanized caving face ends ........................................................................................ 50 4.5 Collapse