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表 2 污水处理厂运行进、出水质及去除率 项目BOD5CODCrSSNH3-N石油类pH值 进水水质21238523648136～ 9 出水水质9 . 6709. 80. 9966～ 9 去除率94. 881. 895. 597. 353 . 8- 注 表中数值为 9 次取样所监测的平均值[ 4]。单位mg L pH 及去除率 除外 。 6 结论 曝气生物滤池 BOD5去除率 90,NH3-N 去除 率 90,出水 SS、BOD599, 经过曝气盘的连续曝 14 环 境 工 程 2005年 4 月第23 卷第2 期 气,在好氧条件下, 附着在填料表面的微生物较好地 消耗 、 分解了废水中大部分有机物 。 生物池 出水流 入沉 淀池 7. 7 m 7. 7 m 5. 5 m ,出水经放流池排放,池底污泥, 经刮泥机刮至 集泥斗中 ,污泥泵抽至综合污泥浓缩池 。经压滤机脱 水,滤液流至滤液池储存再处理。泥饼含有浓度较高 的金属铜 ,被委外回收处理。 4 工程运行效果 电化学部分经过近 2个月的调试 ,在适应废水排 放规律后, 选择的运行参数为 电压 7010 dV ,电流 3515 A ,气浮机溶气罐的压力 0. 25～ 0. 35 MPa。 在前段电化学系统调试、运行稳定后 ,开始生物 培养 。生物接种污泥采用开发区生活污水处理厂的 浓缩污泥 3 m 3 ,结合微量生物制剂的方式 ,先注入半 池废水并投入 100 kg 白砂糖作为易分解吸收的营养 源,闷曝 2 d 后开始进水 , 进水量由第 1 d 的 1 h 21 m 3 h 开始递增, 每 2 d 增加 0. 5～ 1 h, 并适当地 补充白糖 ,同时观察填料上生物挂膜情况及检测出水 的水质状况,直至满负荷运行 。 该系统调试运行 10 个月来 ,电化学部分运行正 常,中和槽废水清澈透明 、 水质稳定 ; 接触氧化池里曝 气系统良好,生物挂膜量不大 ,产生的污泥较少,出水 稳定。该工程于 2003 年 5 月竣工 , 8 月顺利通过验 收,各处理单元的出水水质见表2 。 表 2 各单元水质 项目 pH 值 Cu2 mgL- 1 CODCr mgL- 1BOD5 mg L- 1 变化范围均值变化范围均值变化范围均值验收均值 调整池废水1. 2～9. 5＊3. 60＊46～ 247114153～ 668423106 中和槽废水7. 50～8. 207. 700. 45～ 2. 711. 1991～413238 酸化槽废液10. 50～11. 8011. 402 820～ 62103826 酸化压滤出水 3. 20～3. 703. 50780～1 9601040 出水6. 70～7. 106. 800. 24～ 0. 920. 6711～ 944426. 1 注 ＊指没有加酸碱调整的数据。 5 经济技术指标 本工程总占地面积是 963. 8 m 2 , 有效占地面积 696 m 2 ,利用系数 0. 72,绿化面积 267. 8 m 2 , 绿化系数 0. 28。 总投资 297 万元 ,土建 按 1 500 m 3 d 规模建造 投资 100 万, 防腐投资 15 万, 一期设备等其它投资 182 万 。废 水处理 费用为 3. 1 元 t 不 含设 备折 旧费 。 6 经验与教训 1 在系统运行调试时新出现了高锰酸钾废水、 干膜废液、辋板清洗废水等 ,与厂方所提供资料出入 较大 ,使系统的运行调试陷入被动。 因高锰酸钾废水对后段生物处理有较强的毒性, 虽经过电化学机还原处理 ,还不能完全消除其生物毒 性,对生物依然有威胁。需先作还原处理 ,将含高锰 酸钾废水用硫酸亚铁在适宜条件下充分还原 ,再与调 整池其它废水混合后用电化学机进行还原处理。 干膜废液、辋板清洗废水两者性质与油墨废液类 似,而归入到高浓度有机废液中,一同酸化,这样酸化 水量比设计量多出 76,超过了设备处理的极限。 2 由于车间管路分类规划不够精细 ,废水排放 较为混乱, 有废水互串、 乱排的现象 ,如化学铜废水与 含铜有机清洗废水没有分流而直接混入水洗废水 、 蚀 刻液时又排入酸化废液之中。这里虽有电化学机可 分解螯合剂这类物质, 但这类废水集中排放时, 重金 属的分离去除效果较差 。应集中这类废水加入硫酸 亚铁 ,将Cu -EDTA 置换成 Fe-EDTA, 使铜离子游离出 来,再与其它废水混合。 7 结论与建议 1 运行结果表明 , 电化学技术结合生物接触氧 化法的工艺用于电路板污水处理工程是成功的,系统 运行稳定, 处理效果佳。解决了重金属处理系统与生 物系统同时运行的兼容性 、 生物毒性等问题。 2 该系统运行控制要重视废水分类 、 分流和预 处理系统的设计建造, 以及气浮机固液分离环节, 忽 视其中任何一点都会影响混凝 、固液分离 ,使电化学 部分无法有效处理废水, 而达不到预期目标。 参考文献 1 冯玉杰, 李晓岩,尤宏. 电化学技术在环境工程中的应用. 北京 化 学工业出版社,2002. 2 Peter Moleux. 林坤让, 张启达, 林祈祥等编译. 电路板业回收设备选 用手册. 台湾经济部工业局. 1995. 3 张启达. 因应87 年放流水标准之改善对策 电路板业. 台湾工 业污染防治报导, 104. 作者通讯处 黄得兵 200051 上海市中山西路 1279 弄 6 号 11 楼 新鼎信息技术 上海 有限公司 电话 021 62199779 -417 E -mail eric huang02tom. com; acit -eric ctcish. com. cn 2004- 05-08 收稿 15 环 境 工 程 2005年 4 月第23 卷第2 期 RESEARCH ON TREATMENT OF SLIGHTLY POLLUTED YELLOW RIVER WATER USING A COMBINED PROCESSXie Shuguang et al7 Abstract The treatment of slightly polluted Yellow River water was investigated using a combined process. CODMnand UV254could be effectively reduced by biological pretreatment unit and conventional treatment unit. Addition of ozone could greatly improve CODMnand UV254 removal efficiency by advanced treatment unit. Moreover, each unit of the combined process could effectively remove alga, chlorophyll a Chla and chloro precursors. Ammonia removal by bio -ceramic filter was high. During the period of ozone addition ammonia removal by advanced treatment unit became worse. The final effuent nitrite remained less than 0. 003 mg L, sometimes even below detection limit. Keywords combined process, the Yellow River, biological pretreatment, advanced treatment and ozonation TREATING BIO-PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER BY HYDROLYTIC -ACIDIFICATION AND TWO-STAGE CONTACT OXIDATIONYu Hongbing et al9 Abstract This paper prsents exploratory results on the association of hydrolytic -acidification as a pre -treatment and two -stage contact- oxidation for treatment of bio -pharmaceutical wastewater. The system has been operated for two years, during which the mean removal efficiency in term of CODCr, BOD5and SS were respectively 90. 7, 92. 4 and 87. 6. The final effluent presents the following mean characteristics CODCr80. 6 mg L, BOD515. 1mg L, SS23. 7mg L. The results demonstrate thathydrolytic -acidification and two -stage contact -oxidation can be a system of being operated for a longtime and stably. Keywords hydrolytic -acidification, two -stage, contact -oxidation and biopharmaceutical APPLICATIONOFTWO-STAGEBIOLOGICALAERATEDFILTERINWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF SHENGYANG FAIRY RIVERLiang Yanqiu et al 11 Abstract The process of two -stage biological aerated filter is applied in wastewater treatment plant of Shenyang Fairy River, which hasmany advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, better quality of effluent, simple technique; bio -logical oxidation and absorbing SS can be done in the same location. Not only can this process remove organic pollutants efficiently, but also remove nitrogen. For this process needs no secondary settling pond, so investment is lower, and operation is autocontrol, so running cost is lower too. Keywords biological aerated filter, wastewater teatment plant and denitrogenation PROJECTEXAMPLEOFTREATINGPRINTEDCIRCUITBOARDWASTEWATERBY ELECTROCHEMICAL -CONTACT OXIDATION PROCESSHuang Debing et al 13 Abstract It is introduced that a project example of treating the wastewater of printed circuit board PCBby electrochemical -biocontact oxidation. The running results show that the removal rates of Cu2 and CODCrare over 99 and 87 respectively after the wastewater is treated by this process. The process features simple operation and stable running ,whose effluent can meet the standard. Keywords electrochemical technique, biocontact oxidation, PCB wastewater, acidification treatment and coagulation by piping TREATMENT OF DYEINGWASTEWATER BYPHYSICOHEMICAL THREE - STAGE BIOCHEMICALPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSJi Jianhong 16 Abstract The wastewater from a printery featureshigh concentration, high colority and high content of organics difficult to degrade. The use of only chemical or biological does not give good results of treatment. A physicochemical three -stage biochemical physicochemical processwas used in a printery in Jiangyin to treat the wastewater from the dyeing process with a design capacity of 360 m3 d. If the CODCr, BOD5, SS and colourity of the inluentwere 2 000～ 3 000 mg L, 600～ 700mg L, 350～ 500mg L and 500～ 1 000 times respectively, the effluent can steadily meet the first-class of wastewater discharge standard after treatment. Keywords wastewater from dyeing process, treatment of wastewater, chemical coagulation, hydrolytic acidification, activated slude and contact oxidation STUDYONTREATMENTOFMODIFIED -STARCHWASTEWATERBYHYDROLYTIC ACIDIFICATION -UPFLOWANAEROBICSLUDGEBED -SEQUENCINGBATCHREACTOR PROCESSCheng Rixiang 18 Abstract In this paper, the hydrolytic acidification-UASB -SBR process was used to treat three kinds of modified -starch wastewaters oxidized starch, esterified starch and etherified starch. The feasibility of this process was researched from design, debugging , operation and technical analysis. The result showed that the process is feasible in modified-starch wastewater treatment and it has a high adaptability to different kinds of modified-starch wastewaters. Keywords modified-starch wastewater, hydrolytic acidification-UASB -SBR process and particulate sludge 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 23, No. 2,Apr. ,2005
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