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1 200 mg L ,[Ca 2] [ HCO- 3] 1 则 PESA 仍表现出 较高的阻垢率, 反之[Ca 2] [HCO- 3] 5 时急 剧升高。 89 环 境 工 程 2005年 2 月第23 卷第1 期 图5 CODCr去除率随 pH变化曲线 图6 铵离子浓度随 pH 变化曲线 图7 总铁浓度随 pH 变化曲线 图 8 CODCr浓度随 Al 土变化曲线图 综上所述, 不同的改性剂改性的天然粘土的渗透 性虽然在开始阶段远远大于改性前的渗透性 ,但是经 过一段时间后均小于改性前的渗透性, 而且均低于 1. 0 10 -7 cm s的最低标准。另外, 不同改性剂改性 的天然粘土防渗层对不同的污染物质具有不同的去 图 9 铵离子浓度随 Al 土变化曲线 图 10 总铁浓度随 Al 土变化曲线 除效果 ,而且对于不同的污染物质来说 , 达到最佳去 除效果时对不同改性剂的浓度要求也不同。 5 结论与建议 1 无论哪一种改性方式, 都增大了天然粘土的 吸附容量, 增加了对污染物的去除能力, 可以用作“反 应型”防渗层的设计材料 。 2 改性天然粘土防渗层虽然牺牲了部分防渗性 能,但是它增大了对主要污染物的去除能力 ,也达到 了防治污染的目的。 3 不同的改性天然粘土对不同的污染物的去除 能力也不同 ,在实际应用中针对不同的污染物选择不 同的改性。 4 pH 值 、 HDTMA 浓度和 Al 土等因素对污染物 的去除均有一定程度的影响。 5 在实际应用中建议用双层屏障 ,即“反应层” 改性天然粘土 和“防渗层” 天然粘土 。 参考文献 1 Nolan T . dioxin sorption by hydroxy-Aluminum-treated clays. Clays and clay mineral, 1989. 37 487～ 479. 2 向阳, 范瑾初, 高廷耀. 胶联蒙脱土对水中有机优先污染物的静态 吸附研究. 同济大学学报,1995. 23 4 408～ 412. 3 向阳, 刘军. 改性粘土吸附去除水中有机毒物的研究进展. 离子交 换与吸附, 1995. 11 5 473～ 478. 4 朱利中, 潘巧明,陈曙光, 张建英, 魏林. 有机粘土吸附处理水中苯 酚的性能及应用. 水处理技术,1996. 22 2 107～ 112. 作者通讯处 赵勇胜 130026 长春市西民主大街 6 号 吉林大学环 境与资源学院 E -mail zhaoyongshengjlu. edu. cn 2004- 04-12 收稿 90 环 境 工 程 2005年 2 月第23 卷第1 期 PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE AND FUSEL OILShi Shuncun et al 77 Abstract The preparation of qualified phthalic C4～ C5mixed ester plasticizer involves direct esterification of crude phthalic anhydride with fuseloil catalyzed by solid acid and distillation of the ester under reduced pressure. It was indicated by trial production that the technique is feasible. Both rate of recovery of phthalic anhydride and C4～ C5alcohol can exceed 90, and the discharge of waste water is very little. Factors such as the ratio of feedings and catalyst, reaction temperature and time, agitation and the distilling pressure were studied in the test. The optimal technological conditions are as follows. 1For esterification, n C4～ C5alcohol ∶n C8H4O32. 6∶ 1. 0, amount of catalyst is 1. 5 of the total mass of reactants, and the reaction is carried out at 110～ 160℃ for 5 h with agitation. 2 The ester is distilled under reduced pressure 2. 0 kPa. The exploitation of technology will inaugurate a new approach to the comprehensive utilization of crude phthalic anhydride and fusel oil. Keywords crude phthalic anhydride, fusel oil, comprehensive utilization, phthalic C4～ C5mixed ester and plasticizer STUDY ON ADSORPTION OF CADMIUM ⅡIN WASTEWATERWITH MODIFIED BENTONITE Luo Tai′ an et al 80 Abstract The abilities in treating Cadmium Ⅱof original and modified bentonite had been compared in this study. The results show that the adsorption of CdⅡby modified bentonite is better than that of the original bentonite.The pH value of wastewater and the amounts of modifiedbentonite will greatly influence the adsorption of CdⅡ .The adsorptive percentage reached 96 in treating 40 mg L CdⅡ wastewater at pH8～ 9 by 4 g L modified bentonite. The curves of isothermal adsorption of original and modified bentnite in treating CdⅡare in line with the equation of Freundlich. Keywords modified bentonite, cadmiumⅡand adsorption RESEARCH ON THE VISCOSITY OF THE LEACHATE FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLSQu Xian et al 82 Abstract The viscosity of leachatewith different CODCrconcentrations from 1 000 to 75 000 mg L from laboratory experimentswas tested in different temperature from 5 to 70 centigrade . The experimental results showed that the viscosity of leachate at similar temperatures is linear with CODCrconcentration. The different specific viscosities of leachate with different concentrations were ascribed to the solute in leachate. It is acceptable to omit the influence of viscosity when studying the moisture movement in the landfills. Keywords municipal solid waste landfill, viscosity of leachate and specific viscosity RESEARCH ON CALCIUM CARBONATE INHIBITION BEHAVIOR OF POLYEPOXY SODIUM SUCCINATEYu Yuxin et al 85 Abstract The effect of several factors on calcium carbonate inhibition behavior of polyepoxy sodium succinate is studied. The experimental results indicate that the polyepoxy sodium succinate is an excellent water treatment agent. It can be used in water system with high calcium concentration and at high temperature for a long time remaining significant scale inhibition. Keywords polyepoxy sodium succinate, scale inhibitor and calcium carbonate STUDYONMODIFIEDCLAY-LINERPERANCEANDTHEANALYSISOFITS INFLUENCING FACTORSDong Jun et al 87 Abstract Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide HDTMABand polyaluminium cations were used as denaturant to per organic, inorganic, and organic -inorganic modification on the natural clay respectively. Investigations were conducted into availability and feasibility of the modified -liners to contanminants removal and leachate penetration control. Various influencing factors on the perance of the modified -liners were also analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the sorption abilities and capacities of the modified clay were improved, the permeability of the liners was less than 110- 7cm s after some time. Therefore, modified clay used as the material of the linersisfeasible. pH, concentration of the denaturant, and the ratio of aluminium to soil etc. have significant influence on the contaminants removal efficiency of liners. Keywords modify, clay, HDTMAB and polyaluminium cations Manager Central Research Institute of Building and Construction of MCC Group Editor The Editorial Department of Environmental Engineering Publisher Industrial Construction Magazine Agency 33, Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China Telephone 01082227637、82227638 Fax 01082227637 Chief EditorWeng Zhongying Domestic All Local Posts DistributorChina International Book Trading Corporation P . O. Box 399, Beijing China Journalistic Code ISSN1000-8942 CN11-2097 X E-mail Addresshjgc hjgc. com. cn WWW Addresshttp www. hjgc. com. cn 6 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 23, No. 1,Feb. , 2005
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