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Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage i6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks Founding Editor HEINZ HEINEMANN Berkeley, California Series Editor JAMES G. SPEIGHT Laramie, Wyoming 1.Fluid Catalytic Cracking with Zeolite Catalysts,Paul B. Venuto and E. Thomas Habib, Jr. 2.Ethylene Keystone to the Petrochemical Industry, Ludwig Kniel, Olaf Winter, and Karl Stork 3.The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, James G. Speight 4.The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, James G. Speight 5.Catalysis of Organic Reactions,edited by William R. Moser 6.Acetylene-Based Chemicals from Coal and Other Natural Resources,Robert J. Tedeschi 7.Chemically Resistant Masonry,Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr. 8.Compressors and Expanders Selection and Application for the Process Industry,Heinz P. Bloch, Joseph A. Cameron, Frank M. Danowski, Jr., Ralph James, Jr., Judson S. Swearingen, and Marilyn E. Weightman 9.Metering Pumps Selection and Application,James P. Poynton 10.Hydrocarbons from Methanol,Clarence D. Chang 11. Flotation Theory and Applications,Ann N. Clarke and David J. Wilson 12.The Chemistry and Technology of Coal,James G. Speight 13.Pneumatic and Hydraulic Conveying of Solids,O. A. Williams Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage ii6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan 14.Catalyst Manufacture Laboratory and Commercial Preparations,Alvin B. Stiles 15.Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts,edited by Francis Delannay 16.BASIC Programs for Chemical Engineering Design, James H. Weber 17.Catalyst Poisoning,L. Louis Hegedus and Robert W. McCabe 18.Catalysis of Organic Reactions,edited by John R. Kosak 19.Adsorption Technology A Step-by-Step Approach to Process uation and Application,edited by Frank L. Slejko 20.Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts,edited by Jacques Oudar and Henry Wise 21.Catalysis and Surface Science Developments in Chemicals from Methanol, Hydrotreating of Hydrocarbons, Catalyst Preparation, Monomers and Polymers, Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics,edited by Heinz Heinemann and Gabor A. Somorjai 22.Catalysis of Organic Reactions,edited by Robert L. Augustine 23.Modern Control Techniques for the Processing Industries, T. H. Tsai, J. W. Lane, and C. S. Lin 24.Temperature-Programmed Reduction for Solid Materials Characterization,Alan Jones and Brian McNichol 25.Catalytic Cracking Catalysts, Chemistry, and Kinetics, Bohdan W. Wojciechowski and Avelino Corma 26.Chemical Reaction and Reactor Engineering,edited by J. J. Carberry and A. Varma 27.Filtration Principles and Practices Second Edition, edited by Michael J. Matteson and Clyde Orr 28.Corrosion Mechanisms,edited by Florian Mansfeld 29.Catalysis and Surface Properties of Liquid Metals and Alloys, Yoshisada Ogino 30.Catalyst Deactivation,edited by Eugene E. Petersen and Alexis T. Bell 31.Hydrogen Effects in Catalysis Fundamentals and Practical Applications,edited by Zoltn Pal and P. G. Menon 32.Flow Management for Engineers and Scientists, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and Paul N. Cheremisinoff 33.Catalysis of Organic Reactions,edited by Paul N. Rylander, Harold Greenfield, and Robert L. Augustine 34.Powder and Bulk Solids Handling Processes Instrumentation and Control, Koichi Iinoya, Hiroaki Masuda, and Kinnosuke Watanabe 35.Reverse Osmosis Technology Applications for High-Purity- Water Production,edited by Bipin S. Parekh 36.Shape Selective Catalysis in Industrial Applications, N. Y. Chen, William E. Garwood, and Frank G. Dwyer Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage iii6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan 37.Alpha Olefins Applications Handbook,edited by George R. Lappin and Joseph L. Sauer 38.Process Modeling and Control in Chemical Industries, edited by Kaddour Najim 39.Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases,E. Dendy Sloan, Jr. 40.Catalysis of Organic Reactions,edited by Dale W. Blackburn 41.Fuel Science and Technology Handbook,edited by James G. Speight 42.Octane-Enhancing Zeolitic FCC Catalysts,Julius Scherzer 43.Oxygen in Catalysis, Adam Bielanski and Jerzy Haber 44.The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,James G. Speight 45.Industrial Drying Equipment Selection and Application, C. M. van’t Land 46.Novel Production s for Ethylene, Light Hydrocarbons, and Aromatics, edited by Lyle F. Albright, Billy L. Crynes, and Siegfried Nowak 47.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by William E. Pascoe 48.Synthetic Lubricants and High-Perance Functional Fluids, edited by Ronald L. Shubkin 49.Acetic Acid and Its Derivatives, edited by Victor H. Agreda and Joseph R. Zoeller 50.Properties and Applications of Perovskite-Type Oxides, edited by L. G. Tejuca and J. L. G. Fierro 51.Computer-Aided Design of Catalysts, edited by E. Robert Becker and Carmo J. Pereira 52.Models for Thermodynamic and Phase Equilibria Calculations, edited by Stanley I. Sandler 53.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by John R. Kosak and Thomas A. Johnson 54.Composition and Analysis of Heavy Petroleum Fractions, Klaus H. Altgelt and Mieczyslaw M. Boduszynski 55.NMR Techniques in Catalysis, edited by Alexis T. Bell and Alexander Pines 56.Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils, Murray R. Gray 57.Methanol Production and Use, edited by Wu-Hsun Cheng and Harold H. Kung 58.Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Petroleum and Distillates, edited by Michael C. Oballah and Stuart S. Shih 59.The Chemistry and Technology of Coal Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,James G. Speight 60.Lubricant Base Oil and Wax Processing, Avilino Sequeira, Jr. 61.Catalytic Naphtha Reing Science and Technology, edited by George J. Antos, Abdullah M. Aitani, and Jos M. Parera Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage iv6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan 62.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by Mike G. Scaros and Michael L. Prunier 63.Catalyst Manufacture,Alvin B. Stiles and Theodore A. Koch 64.Handbook of Grignard Reagents, edited by Gary S. Silverman and Philip E. Rakita 65.Shape Selective Catalysis in Industrial Applications Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, N. Y. Chen, William E. Garwood, and Francis G. Dwyer 66.Hydrocracking Science and Technology, Julius Scherzer and A. J. Gruia 67.Hydrotreating Technology for Pollution Control Catalysts, Catalysis, and Processes, edited by Mario L. Occelli and Russell Chianelli 68.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by Russell E. Malz, Jr. 69.Synthesis of Porous Materials Zeolites, Clays, and Nanostructures, edited by Mario L. Occelli and Henri Kessler 70.Methane and Its Derivatives, Sunggyu Lee 71.Structured Catalysts and Reactors, edited by Andrzej Cybulski and Jacob A. Moulijn 72.Industrial Gases in Petrochemical Processing, Harold Gunardson 73.Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, E. Dendy Sloan, Jr. 74.Fluid Cracking Catalysts, edited by Mario L. Occelli and Paul O’Connor 75.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by Frank E. Herkes 76.The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, James G. Speight 77.Synthetic Lubricants and High-Perance Functional Fluids Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Leslie R. Rudnick and Ronald L. Shubkin 78.The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua, Second Edition,Revised and Expanded, James G. Speight 79.Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, John B. Butt 80.Regulatory Chemicals Handbook, Jennifer M. Spero, Bella Devito, and Louis Theodore 81.Applied Parameter Estimation for Chemical Engineers, Peter Englezos and Nicolas Kalogerakis 82.Catalysis of Organic Reactions,edited by Michael E. Ford 83.The Chemical Process Industries Infrastructure Function and Economics, James R. Couper, O. Thomas Beasley, and W. Roy Penney 84.Transport Phenomena Fundamentals, Joel L. Plawsky Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage v6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan 85.Petroleum Refining Processes, James G. Speight and Baki zm 86.Health, Safety, and Accident Management in the Chemical Process Industries, Ann Marie Flynn and Louis Theodore 87.Plantwide Dynamic Simulators in Chemical Processing and Control, William L. Luyben 88.Chemical Reactor Design, Peter Harriott 89.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by Dennis G. Morrell 90.Lubricant Additives Chemistry and Applications, edited by Leslie R. Rudnick 91.Handbook of Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems, edited by Wen-Ching Yang 92.Conservation Equations and Modeling of Chemical and Biochemical Processes, Said S. E. H. Elnashaie and Parag Garhyan 93.Batch Fermentation Modeling,Monitoring, and Control, Ali inar, Glnur Birol, Satish J. Parulekar, and Cenk ndey 94.Industrial Solvents Handbook,Second Edition, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff 95.Petroleum and Gas Field Processing, H. K. Abdel-Aal, Mohamed Aggour, and M. Fahim 96.Chemical Process Engineering Design and Economics, Harry Silla 97.Process Engineering Economics, James R. Couper 98.Re-Engineering the Chemical Processing Plant Process Intensification, edited by Andrzej Stankiewicz and Jacob A. Moulijn 99.Thermodynamic Cycles Computer-Aided Design and Optimization, Chih Wu 100.Catalytic Naphtha Reing Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by George T. Antos and Abdullah M. Aitani 101.Handbook of MTBE and Other Gasoline Oxygenates, edited by S. Halim Hamid and Mohammad Ashraf Ali 102.Industrial Chemical Cresols and Downstream Derivatives, Asim Kumar Mukhopadhyay 103.Polymer Processing Instabilities Control and Understanding, edited by Savvas Hatzikiriakos and Kalman B. Migler 104.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, John Sowa 105.Gasification Technologies A Primer for Engineers and Scientists, edited by John Rezaiyan and Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff 106.Batch Processes, edited by Ekaterini Korovessi and Andreas A. Linninger 107.Introduction to Process Control, Jose A. Romagnoli and Ahmet Palazoglu Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage vi6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan 108.Metal Oxides Chemistry and Applications, edited by J. L. G. Fierro 109.Molecular Modeling in Heavy Hydrocarbon Conversions, Michael T. Klein, Ralph J. Bertolacini, Linda J. Broadbelt, Ankush Kumar and Gang Hou 110.Structured Catalysts and Reactors, Second Edition, edited by Andrzej Cybulski and Jacob A. Moulijn 111.Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants Chemistry and Technology, edited by Leslie R. Rudnick 112.Alcoholic Fuels, edited by Shelley Minteer 113.Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, Second Edition, R. P. Chhabra 114.The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Fourth Edition, James G. Speight 115.Catalysis of Organic Reactions, edited by Stephen R. Schmidt 116.Process Chemistry of Lubricant Base Stocks, Thomas R. Lynch 117.Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua, edited by James G. Speight and Jorge Ancheyta 118.Chemical Process Perance uation, Ali Cinar, Ahmet Palazoglu, and Ferhan Kayihan 119.Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, Third Edition, E. Dendy Sloan and Carolyn Koh 120.Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products, Lilianna Z. Pillon Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage vii6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage viii6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products Lilianna Z. Pillon Petroleum Products Consulting Sarnia, Ontario, Canada CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor 120 Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4200-5100-1 hardback alk. paper 1. Petroleum products--Refining. 2. Petroleum products--Stability. 3. Petroleum--Refining. 4. Petroleum--Stability. 5. Gas-liquid interfaces. I. Title. II. Series. TP690.P54 2007 665.5’38--dc22 2007022604 Visit the Taylor however, while their use is cost effective, their effect is limited. As the viscosity of petroleum products increases, from fuels to lube oil base stocks, their interfacial properties change which should be of interest to refi ning of heavy oils from oil sands. Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage xvii6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan xvii Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage xviii6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. James G. Speight, the editor of the Petroleum Science and Technology journal, in publishing this book. The data used in this book are based on many literature searches and I would like to acknowledge the help provided by many libraries, such as the University of Windsor, the University of Western Ontario, McMaster University, and Sarnia Public Library in Canada. The many tables with the experimental data, included in this book, are the result of obtaining copyright permissions from many pub- lishers around the world and I would like to thank the many authors for the use of their technical data. Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage xix6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan xix Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C000Final Proofpage xx6.10.2007138pmCompositor Name VBalamugundan Author Lilianna Z. Pillon grew up in Poland where she received the MSc degree in chemistry from the University of Lodz. She came to Canada to obtain a doctorate degree in chemistry and graduated with a PhD degree from the University of Windsor in Ontario. She was awarded a National Research Council Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship and studied polymer blends at the NRC Industrial Mate- rials Research Institute in Boucherville, Quebec. She joined Polysar Ltd., Latex R Al-Kandary, J.A.M. and Al-Jimaz, A.S.H., Petroleum Science and Technology, 18, 795, 2000; Speight, J.G., The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, 3rd ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1999; Prince, R.J., Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, 2nd ed., Mortier,R.M.andOrszulik,S.T.,Eds.,BlackieAcademic Kandwal, V.C. et al., Petroleum Science and Technology, 18, 755, 2000. Pillon/Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products51008_C001Final Proofpage 125.10.2007745amCompositor Name JGanesan 12Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products which the oil can be made to fl ow under gravity. During pipeline fl ow of waxy crude oils, wax gets deposited leading to reduction in pipeline capacity and need for increased pumping pressure. Deposition of waxes in production wells leads to the obstruction of the fl uid fl ow systems and many different predictive models for wax deposition were developed Ramirez-Jaramillo e
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