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NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas LNG 2006 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,--,,,,,,,--- The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA DOCUMENTS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, of which the document contained herein is one, are de- veloped through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. 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Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,--,,,,,,,--- The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing Copyright 2005, National Fire Protection Association, All Rights Reserved NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas LNG 2006 Edition This edition of NFPA59A, Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas LNG, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Liquefied Natural Gas and acted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 6–10, 2005, in Las Vegas, NV. It was issued by the Standards Council on July 29, 2005, with an effective date of August 18, 2005, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 59A was approved as an American National Standard on August 18, 2005. Origin and Development of NFPA 59A Acommittee of theAmerican GasAssociation began work on a standard for liquefied natural gascirca1960.Intheautumnof1964,adraftwastedtotheNFPAwiththerequestthatitbe consideredasthebasisforanNFPAstandard.TheSectionalCommitteeonUtilityGasprepareda standard that was adopted tentatively at the 1966 NFPA Annual Meeting at the recommendation of the Committee on Gases. With the ation of the Committee on Fuel Gases in the summer of 1966, this standard was assigned to that committee and its Subcommittee on Utility Gas Plants. The first official editionwasadoptedatthe1967NFPA AnnualMeetingunderthesponsorshipoftheCommit- tee on Fuel Gases. By early 1969, it was apparent that the use of LNG was expanding considerably beyond the utility gas plant applications covered by the 1967 edition. The American Petroleum Institute suggested that its standard PUBL 2510A, Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG Installations, be used to help develop a standard having a broader scope. The Commit- tee on Liquefied Natural Gas was established for this purpose. The 1971 edition was the first edition developed under the broadened scope. Subsequent editions were adopted in 1972, 1975, 1979, 1985, 1990, 1994, 1996, and 2001. The 2006 edition includes revisions in compliance with the Manual of Style for NFPATechni- cal Committee Documents, such as providing only administrative requirements in Chapter 1, referenced publications in Chapter 2, definitions in Chapter 3, and general requirements in Chapter 4. er Chapters 2 through 11 have been renumbered as Chapters 5 through 14. In addition, editorial revisions were made to make the text more clear. Chapter 5 has been revised to cover double and full containment LNG storage containers. Definitions of these types of containers have also been added to the standard. Seismic design criteria for LNG containers have been revised to correlate with the requirements of ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Chapter 11 has been revised to add requirements for a contingency plan for potential LNG marine transfer incidents. 59A–1 Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,--,,,,,,,--- The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing Technical Committee on Liquefied Natural Gas Richard A. Hoffmann, Chair Hoffmann d diameter [in. mm] of tank penetration below the liquid level; h height [ft m] of liquid above penetration in the container when the container is full. 59A–12PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND HANDLING OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS LNG 2006 Edition Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --,,,--,,,,,,,--- The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing D The type, quantity, and location of the detection devices shall be in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 12. 5.2.3.8 The distance from the nearest edge of impounded liq- uid to a property line that can be built upon or from the near edge of a navigable waterway as defined by federal regulations shall not be less than 50 ft 15 m. 5.2.4 Container Spacing. 5.2.4.1 The minimum separation distance between LNG con- tainers or tanks containing flammable refrigerants and expo- sures shall be in accordance with Table 5.2.4.1 or with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction at a shorter dis- tance from buildings or walls constructed of concrete or ma- sonry but at least 10 ft 3.0 m from any building openings. 5.2.4.2 Double and full containment containers with concrete secondarycontainersshallhaveaseparationdistancetolimitthe incident thermal radiation flux from a fire within the primary or secondary container of an adjacent tank as follows 1 Steel wall and roofs 47,000 Btu/ft2/hr 15,000 W/m2 2 Concrete walls 95,000 Btu/ft2/hr 30,000 W/m2 AThe ambient conditions for thermal radiation flux shall be based on the conditions temperature, wind speed, relative humidity within the range expected for the site, calculated to produce the highest temperature in the secondary container structure. BA water spray or deluge system shall be permitted to be used to limit the thermal radiation flux onto the structure, but in no event shall the separation distance be less than the diam- eter of the largest tank. 5.2.4.3 A clear space of at least 3 ft 0.9 m shall be provided for access to all isolation valves serving multiple containers. 5.2.4.4LNG containers of greater than 125 gal 0.5 m3 ca- pacity shall not be located in buildings. 5.2.5 Vaporizer Spacing. 5.2.5.1Vaporizers using flammable heat transfer fluids and their primary heat sources shall be located at least 50 ft 15 m from any other source of ignition. AWhere more than one vaporizer is installed at one loca- tion, an adjacent vaporizer or primary heat source shall not be considered to be a source of ignition. BProcess heaters or other units of fired equipment shall not be considered to be sources of ignition with respect to vaporizer siting if they are interlocked so that they cannot be operated while a vaporizer is operating or while the piping system serving the vaporizer is either cooled down or being cooled down. 5.2.5.2Integral heated vaporizers shall be located at least 100 ft 30 m from a property line that can be built upon see 5.2.5.4 and at least 50 ft 15 m from the following 1 Any impounded LNG, flammable refrigerant, or flammable liquid see 5.2.4 or the paths of travel of such fluids between any other source of accidental discharge and the impound- ing area 2 LNG, flammable liquid, flammable refrigerant, or flam- mable gas storage containers or tanks; unfired process equipment containing such fluids; or loading and un- loading connections used in the transfer of such fluids 3 Control buildings, offices, shops, and other occupied or important plant structures 5.2.5.3 Heaters or heat sources of remote heated vaporizers shall comply with 5.2.5.2. 5.2.5.4 Remote heated, ambient, and process vaporizers shall be located at least 100 ft 30 m from a property line that can be built upon. 5.2.5.5Vaporizers used in conjunction with LNG containers having a capacity of 70,000 gal 265 m3 or less shall be located Table 5.2.4.1 Distances from Containers and Exposures Container Water Capacity Minimum Distance from Edge of Impoundment or Container Drainage System to Property Lines That Can Be Built Upon Minimum Distance Between Storage Containers galm3ftmftm 2650.7 times the container diameter but not less than 100 ft 30 m 1⁄4of the sum of the diameters of adjacent containers [5 ft 1.5 m minimum] *If the aggregate water capacity of a multiple container installation is 501 gal 1.9 m3 or greater, the minimum distance shall comply with the appropriate portion of this table, applying the aggregate capacity rather than the capacity per container. If more than one installation is made, each installation shall be separated from any other installation by at least 25 ft 7.6 m. Do not apply minimum distances between
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