动载荷作用下刨煤机刨刀磨损问题研究.pdf

全日制硕士学位论文全日制硕士学位论文 动载荷作用下刨煤机刨刀磨损问题研究 Research on Wear of Coal Plow Bit under Dynamic Load 作者姓名 郭吉咪 导师姓名 康晓敏（副教授） 学科专业 机械工程 研究方向 机械设计及理论 完成日期 2020 年 8 月 11 日 辽宁工程技术大学 Liaoning Technical University 万方数据 学学位位论文书脊样式论文书脊样式 动 载 荷 作 用 下 刨 煤 机 刨 刀 磨 损 问 题 研 究 郭 吉 咪 辽 宁 工 程 技 术 大 学 万方数据 关于学位论文使用授权的说明关于学位论文使用授权的说明 本学位论文作者及指导教师完全了解 辽宁工程技术大学辽宁工程技术大学 有关保 留、使用学位论文的规定，同意 辽宁工程技术大学辽宁工程技术大学 保留并向国家有关 部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅，学校可 以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影 印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编本学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此协议。 学位论文作者签名____________ 导师签名_____________ 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD421 学校代码 10147 UDC 621 密 级 公 开 辽宁工程技术大学 全日制硕全日制硕士学位论士学位论文文 动载荷作用下刨煤机刨刀磨损问题研究 Research on Wear of Coal Plow Bit under Dynamic Load 作者姓名 郭吉咪 学 号 471720031 导师姓名 康晓敏（副教授） 副导师姓名 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 机械工程学院 学科专业 机械工程 研究方向 机械设计及理论 二○二○年八月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 美好的时光总是稍纵即逝。三年的研究生生涯，转眼之间，已经到了尾声。回想自己 读研的日子，充实而又快乐。首先，要感恩的是我的导师康晓敏，正是在她悉心指导下， 我按时完成了硕士毕业论文。正是在她的谆谆教导下及严厉的要求下，我对待学术的态度 变得严谨、实事求是。导师无论是在专业方面还是在生活方面都给我了很多无私的支持。 感谢遇到我的导师，这将是我一生的财富。在研究生期间，导师对待问题的态度对我影响 十分深远，作为一个刚走进校园的研究生，心里对任何问题总是抱有得过且过的态度，在 与导师接触几次后，我被导师身上对待问题的条理性和严谨性所震撼。虽然导师只是我人 生中短暂的陪伴者，但我相信导师对我的影响会持续一生。在此刻我还是想说衷心的感谢 您的栽培和支持。 其次，感谢我的家人，让我在学习过程中衣食无忧，可以安心的攻读硕士。 最后，感谢我的小伙伴们，对我学习过程中的帮助，正是在与你们的嬉笑打闹中，让 我思维模式不断的发生改变，真心的谢谢你们。 感谢辽宁工程技术大学给我研究生期间提供的学习资源。 感谢各位专家对我论文的指导。 感谢所有给予我帮助的人。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 刨煤机作为薄煤层开采的机械设备之一，在我国煤炭开采中发挥重要的作用。由于开 采条件恶劣，刨煤机的刨刀受到复杂动载荷的作用，刨刀极易受到磨损，导致刨刀过早的 失效。刨刀的磨损对刨刀的使用寿命以及刨煤机的工作效率有着很大影响，因此，对动载 荷作用下刨煤机刨刀磨损问题的研究迫在眉睫。本文采用理论分析、数值仿真和有限元仿 真结合的研究方法，针对动载荷作用下刨煤机刨刀的磨损问题进行深入系统的研究。为降 低刨刀磨损、提高刨刀使用寿命、刨刀结构优化以及刨煤机的可靠运行提供理论支持。 1、分析了刨刀受到的动载荷的影响因素，针对含包裹体和不含包裹体两种煤层，分 别以 Gamma 和 Normal 分布的形式描述刨刀受到的随机动载荷。 2、分析了刨刀刨削煤层的磨损机理，以 Archard 磨损模型为基础，建立了刨刀磨损的 数学模型，为后续建立考虑磨损的刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的非线性动力学模型提供了依据。 3、考虑含包裹体和不含包裹体煤层两种工况条件，建立了考虑磨损的刨煤机刨刀刨 削煤层非线性动力学模型，通过 MATLAB/Simulink 对非线性动力学模型进行数值仿真和 求解，得到刨刀磨损深度随时间变化的曲线，进而对比两种工况条件下刨刀的磨损情况， 发现煤层中含有包裹体加剧了刨刀磨损程度，与实际情况一致。 4、利用有限元软件 LS_Prepost 建立了刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的有限元模型，通过有限 元仿真得到刨刀磨损域、应力云图和接触力曲线，结果表明刨刀的磨损部位主要出现在 合金头及与合金头连接处附近的部分刨体。分析刨刀磨损深度的变化曲线及最大磨损深度 数值，结果表明刨削不含包裹体煤层时刨刀磨损深度曲线波动幅度不大，而刨削含包裹 体煤层时刨刀磨损曲线变化较大，曲线出现明显的“拐点”，这与刨刀承受的动载荷有关， 并分析相邻时间间隔内刨刀磨损深度及磨损深度增量的变化趋势，发现刨削不含包裹体时 刨刀的磨损深度呈稳定增加的趋势，磨损深度的增量呈先增加后稳定再增加的变化趋势， 这与刨刀磨损的发展规律一致；发现刨削含包裹体时刨刀的磨损深度及磨损深度的增量变 化比较明显且随机性大，这与包煤层中包裹体的存在相关。 5、对比分析 Matlab/Simulink 数值仿真和 LS_Prepost 有限元仿真的结果，发现在相同 工况条件下，数值仿真的结果比有限元仿真的结果略大，但在合理的误差范围内，可认为 两者的仿真结果基本一致。为刨刀磨损分析提供了可靠依据。 该论文有图 44 幅，表 18 个，参考文献 61 篇。 关键关键词词刨刀；刨削；动载荷；磨损；仿真 万方数据 II Abstract As one of the mechanical equipment of thin coal layer mining, coal plow plays an important role in coal mining in China. Because of the bad mining conditions, the plow bit of coal plow is subjected to complex dynamic load, and the plow bit is easily worn out, which leads to premature failure of the planer. The wear of the plow bit has great influence on the service life of the plow bit and the working efficiency of the coal plow. In this thesis, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and finite element simulation are used to study the wear of coal plow under dynamic load. It provides theoretical support for reducing the wear of plow bit, improving the service life of plow bit, optimizing the structure of plow bit and reliable operation of coal plow bit. 1. The influence factors of dynamic load on plow bit are analyzed. The random dynamic load on plow bit is described in the of gamma and normal distribution, respectively. 2. Analysis of the wear mechanism of the plow bit cutting coal seam, based on the Archard wear model, the mathematical model of the plow bit wear is established, which provides the basis for the subsequent establishment of the dynamic model of the plow bit cutting coal seam considering wear. 3. Considering the conditions of inclusion and non-inclusion coal seam, a nonlinear dynamic model of coal seam was established. By Matlab/Simulink the nonlinear dynamic model was solved and simulated, the curves of the time-dependent wear of the plow bit were obtained. 4. Finite element model of coal shavings was established LS_Prepost using finite element software. The grinding domain and stress cloud diagram of shavings were obtained by finite element simulation. The results show that the change of wear curve and the maximum wear value of the plow bit are not large, but the change of wear curve of the plow bit is large, which is related to the dynamic load of the plow bit, and it is found that the wear amount of the plow bit decreases rapidly and then changes steadily. 5. The results matlab/simulink numerical simulation and LS_Prepost finite element simulation are compared and analyzed. It is found that under the same working conditions, the results of numerical simulation are slightly smaller than those of finite element simulation, but in a reasonable error range, it is considered that the corresponding simulation results of the two are basically the same. It provides a reliable basis for the analysis of plow bit wear. Keywords plow bit; cutting; dynamic load; wear; simulation 万方数据 III 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ...................................................................... I I 目目 录录 .................................................................................................................................... IIIIII 图清单图清单 .................................................................................................................................... VIIVII 表清单表清单 ........................................................................................................................................ X X 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................................ XIIXII 1 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1 1.1 刨煤机的发展与应用 ...................................................... 1 1.2 国内外刨煤机刨刀的理论研究概述 .......................................... 3 1.3 论文研究的意义 .......................................................... 7 1.4 本论文主要研究内容 ...................................................... 7 2 2 刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的动载荷分析刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的动载荷分析 ...................................................................................... 9 9 2.1 刨刀的刨削机理 .......................................................... 9 2.2 影响刨刀动载荷的因素分析 ............................................... 10 2.3 刨刀受到的随机动载荷 ................................................... 15 2.4 刨刀的平均载荷 ......................................................... 17 2.5 本章小结 ............................................................... 19 3 3 刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的磨损分析刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的磨损分析 ........................................................................................ 2020 3.1 刨刀的磨损发展规律 ..................................................... 20 3.2 刨刀的磨损机理分析 ..................................................... 20 3.3 影响刨刀磨损的因素分析 ................................................. 20 3.4 刨刀磨损的数学模型 ..................................................... 23 3.5 本章小结 ............................................................... 25 4 4 考虑磨损的刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的非线性动力学模型建立与数值仿真分析考虑磨损的刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的非线性动力学模型建立与数值仿真分析 ................ 2626 4.1 刨刀刨削煤层非线性动力学模型的建立 ..................................... 26 4.2 刨刀非线性动力学模型的数值仿真分析 ..................................... 28 4.3 本章小结 ............................................................... 35 5 5 考虑磨损的刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的有限元仿真分析及与数值仿真对比分析考虑磨损的刨煤机刨刀刨削煤层的有限元仿真分析及与数值仿真对比分析 ................ 3636 5.1 刨刀与煤层三维模型的建立 ............................................... 36 万方数据 IV 5.2 刨刀刨削煤层的有限元模型定义 ........................................... 37 5.3 刨刀刨削煤层的有限元仿真分析 ........................................... 42 5.4 有限元仿真结果与数值仿真结果的对比分析 ................................. 46 5.5 本章小结 ............................................................... 48 6 6 结论与展望结论与展望 .......................................................................................................................... 5050 6.1 结论 ................................................................... 50 6.2 展望 ................................................................... 50 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................................. . 5252 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................................. . 5555 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................................. 5656 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................................................... 5757 万方数据 V Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ Contents ...................................................................................................................................... IIIIII List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ VIIVII List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. X X List of Variable .......................................................................................................................... XIIXII 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Development and Application of Coal Plow ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Status of Coal Plow bit at Home and Abroad ............................................................ 3 1.3 Research Significance of Topic Research ................................................................................. 7 1.4 The Main Research Contents of This Thesis ............................................................................ 7 2 Analysis of Dynamic Loads of Coal Plow Bit .......................................................................... 9 2.1 The Mechanism of Plow Bit...................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Analysis the Factors of Affecting Dynamic Load of Plow Bit ............................................... 10 2.3 Random Dynamic Loads of Plow Bit ..................................................................................... 15 2.4 Average Load of Plow Bit ....................................................................................................... 17 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 19 3 Analysis of Wear of Plow Bit ................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Wear Regularity of Plow Bit ................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Wear Type of Plow Bit ............................................................................................................ 20 3.3 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Wear of Plow Bit .............................................................. 20 3.4 Mathematical Model of Wear of Plow Bit .............................................................................. 23 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 25 4 Establishment of Nonlinear Dynamic Model and Numerical Simulation Analysis for Coal Plow Bit ........................................................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Establishment of Nonlinear Dynamic Model of Coal Seam with Plow Bit ............................ 26 4.2 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Model of Planer .............................. 28 4.3 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 35 5 Finite Element Simulation Analysis and Comparison Analysis with Numerical Simulation for Coal Plow Bit Considering Wear ..................................................................................... 36 万方数据 VI 5.1 Establishment of Three-dimensional Model of Plow Bit and Coal Seam ............................... 36 5.2 Definition of Finite Element Model for Shaving Coal Seam with Plow Bit........................... 37 5.3 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics Model on Cutting Coal Seam with Inclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 42 5.4 Comparison and Analysis of Finite Element Simulation Results and Numerical Simulation Results ........................................................................................................................................... 46 5.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 48 6 Conclusions and Prospect ........................................................................................................ 50 6.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 50 6.2 Prospect ................................................................................................................................... 50 References .................................................................................................................................... 52 Author’s Resume ......................................................................................................................... 55 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................................... 56 Thesis Data Collection ................................................................................................................ 57 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1.1 消耗能源结构分布图 1 Figure 1.1 Distribution of Energy Consumption Structure 1 图 1.2 滑行刨煤机刨削煤层 2 Figure 1.2 Cutting coal of sliding coal plow 2 图 1.3 BH38/2 400 全自动滑行刨煤机 3 Figure 1.3 BH38/2 400 type automatic sliding coal plow 3 图 2.1 煤块崩落过程 9 Figure 2.1 The p