矿用挖掘机驾驶室布局优化设计研究.pdf

全日制全日制硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 矿用挖掘机驾驶室布局优化设计研究 Study on Optimal Design of Mining Excavator Cab Layout 作者姓名苏可心 导师姓名 付治国副教授 学科专业机械工程 研究方向工业设计 完成日期2020 年 8 月 11 日 辽宁工程技术大学 Liaoning Technical University 万方数据 论 矿 用 挖 掘 机 驾 驶 室 布 局 优 化 设 计 研 究 计 苏 可 心 辽 宁 工 程 技 术 大 学 万方数据 关于学位论文使用授权的说明关于学位论文使用授权的说明 本学位论文作者及指导教师完全了解 辽宁工程技术大学辽宁工程技术大学 有关保 留、使用学位论文的规定，同意 辽宁工程技术大学辽宁工程技术大学 保留并向国家有关 部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅，学校可 以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影 印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编本学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此协议。 学位论文作者签名____________导师签名_____________ 年月日年月日 万方数据 中图分类号TD422学校代码10147 UDC621密级公 开 辽宁工程技术大学 全日制全日制硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 矿用挖掘机驾驶室布局优化设计研究 Study on Optimal Design of Mining Excavator Cab Layout 作者姓名苏可心学号471720047 导师姓名 付治国（副教授）副导师姓名 申请学位工学硕士培养单位机械工程学院 学科专业机械工程研究方向工业设计 二○二○年八月 万方数据 致致谢谢 2020 年校园学习生涯终将结束，这是我度过最长也是最后一个寒假。从此以后，我们 告别了曾经纯真烂漫的青春，曾经放荡不羁的岁月，曾经憧憬美好的时代。毕业是一 段时光的结束，也是另一段征程的开始，在踏上新旅途之前，我们必须经过最后一道考验 撰写毕业论文。这个过程让我明白了应该用发展的眼光、创造的思维去看待问题；虽 然过程很艰辛，但是收获颇丰。值此论文完成之际，我要衷心感谢对我关心、帮助和支持 的良师益友。 感谢学校的培养。不同于本科时期，硕士研究生的毕业论文更加考验知识储备量以及 学习能力。学海无涯，学校不可能教会你所有知识，但是她可以教会你学知识的本领，可 谓“授人以鱼不如授人以渔” 。 感谢机械学院的各位院长和老师，在学习生活中对我的关系照顾，在课程等方面因材 施教，提供便利条件；对每一位同学都尽心尽力，平易近人；在学习方面提供了很大的帮 助。从论文涉及到的理论方法，到论证过程中的数学模型，甚至是设计成果呈现后的计算 机仿真，都结合了跨学科的知识体系，是机械学院的各位老师们传授的知识。感谢各位， 是你们的认真负责、严谨教学、一丝不苟，才培养出了许多优秀学子，在此特别致谢。 感谢我的导师付治国老师，感谢您在全国疫情严重的情况下，每天关心学生的身体状 况，实时监督论文进展情况。虽然不能面对面探讨问题，但是您会给学生们分享优秀论文， 同时也为学生的在校课程费尽心力。感谢您教会我知识和设计理论，感谢您教导我为人处 世的道理，感谢您传授我积极进步的思想，7 年的师生关系将要告一段落，但是您永远都 是我最尊重、最敬仰的老师。 感谢辽宁工程技术大学工业设计系的所有老师，感谢你们这些年来对我的谆谆教诲和 悉心教导；感谢一起面对学业压力的同学们和朋友们，感谢你们一路以来的守望相助；感 谢我的敬爱父母、可爱的弟弟和体贴的男朋友做我坚实的后盾，对我无微不至的照顾，替 我分忧解难，为我加油打气 叶的飘零，不是风的强劲，不是树的不挽留，而是心的追求，一个学生完成了她充实 完满的校园生活，感恩所有人 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 21 世纪矿用挖掘机的设计已进入新的发展阶段， 相比之前只考虑产品的造型设计和功 能设计， 人们希望增加产品的感性诉求。 而挖掘机驾驶室是操纵控制设备的人机交互节点， 人机界面由各种操控部件组成，构造非常复杂，会对于作业人员工作效率产生直接影响。 因此对矿用挖掘机驾驶室进行布局优化设计研究迫在眉睫，旨在为作业人员提供广阔的视 野范围、轻松的工作氛围和愉悦的空间感受。 现有的布局问题研究基本上单纯从工程实践的视角来解决，很少有研究把人的情感需 求考虑在其中，忽视了人的心理作用和感性诉求。同时对于矿用挖掘机驾驶室的评价多以 定性分析为主，或者以单一因素为研究对象，缺乏系统的定量研究以及人机工程学仿真。 另外，对矿用挖掘机驾驶室色彩的设计与评价也比较浅显和片面。 感性工学是以感性思维为主导工学技术为基础的，在人机工程学的基础上延伸出来的 新兴学科，但与人机工程学区别的是感性工学更加注重人的心理因素。因此，本文针对矿 用挖掘机驾驶室人机布局设计与评估的现实问题，提出整合感性工学与人机工程学综合理 论。将二者整合理论作为综合理论模型指导矿用挖掘机驾驶室设计是本文的重要尝试，再 利用相关数学模型与模糊评价进行优化设计仿真，由此便可兼顾用户的感性诉求和生理指 标，且能够对研究成果进行合理的综合评价。本文涉及到插图 61 幅，表格 19 个，参考文 献 65 篇，在构建感性工学与人机工程学模型的基础上，对矿用挖掘机驾驶室内人机布局 和色彩设计展开研究，探求一种可以同时符合作业人员心理感知和生理需求的设计与评价 方法体系。 关键词关键词挖掘机驾驶室，感性工学，优化设计仿真，模糊评价，空间布局，色彩设计 万方数据 II Abstract The 21st century mining excavator design has entered a new stage of development, compared with the previous consideration only product modeling design and functional design, people hope to increase the emotional appeal of products. And the excavator cab is the human-computer interaction node of the control equipment, the human-computer interface is composed of various control parts, the structure is very complex, which will have a direct impact on the working efficiency of the operator. Therefore, it is urgent to study the layout optimization design of mine excavator cab, which aims to provide workers with a wide range of vision, relaxed working atmosphere and pleasant space feeling. The existing research on the layout problem is basically solved from the perspective of engineering practice, and few studies have taken the emotional needs of people into the psychological role and emotional appeal of human beings. At the same time, the uation of mine excavator cab is mainly qualitative analysis, or a single factor as the research object, lack of systematic quantitative research and ergonomics simulation. In addition, the design and uation of cab color of mine excavator is relatively simple and one-sided. Perceptual engineering is a new subject which is based on perceptual thinking and extends out on the basis of ergonomics, but it is different from ergonomics that perceptual engineering pays more attention to human psychological factors. Therefore, in view of the practical problems of man-machine layout design and uation of mine excavator cab, this paper puts forward the integrated theory of perceptual engineering and ergonomics. It is an important attempt in this paper to guide the cab design of mine excavator by integrating the theory of the two as a comprehensive theory model, and then use the relevant mathematical model and fuzzy uation to optimize the design simulation.This paper deals with 61 illustrations ,19 tables and 65 references. Based on the construction of perceptual engineering and ergonomics model, the layout and color design of mining excavator cab are studied. Keywords Excavator cab; Emotional engineering; Optimization Design Simulation; Fuzzy uation; space layout and color design 万方数据 III 目目录录 摘摘要要............................................................................................................................................. I I 目目录录......................................................................................................................................... IIIIII 图清单图清单......................................................................................................................................... VIIVII 表清单表清单............................................................................................................................................. X X 变量注释表变量注释表...................................................................................................................................XIXI 1 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................................. 1 1 1.1 课题研究背景.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 课题研究创新点................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 研究目的和意义................................................................................................................... 12 1.5 研究方法与技术路线........................................................................................................... 13 1.6 研究内容与结构框架........................................................................................................... 14 2 2 基本理论与研究对象概述基本理论与研究对象概述.......................................................................................................1717 2.1 感性工学理论概述............................................................................................................... 17 2.2 人机工程学理论概述........................................................................................................... 19 2.3 矿用挖掘机驾驶室特征研究............................................................................................... 22 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................................... 29 3 3 驾驶室布局设计与评价方法体系驾驶室布局设计与评价方法体系...........................................................................................3131 3.1 布局问题描述与解决思路................................................................................................... 31 3.2 布局设计理论模型............................................................................................................... 33 3.3 评价问题描述与解决思路................................................................................................... 42 3.4 综合评价理论模型............................................................................................................... 43 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................................................... 50 4 4 挖掘机驾驶室布局优化设计挖掘机驾驶室布局优化设计仿真仿真...........................................................................................5151 4.1 挖掘机驾驶室空间布局设计原则....................................................................................... 51 4.2 挖掘机驾驶室空间布局设计仿真....................................................................................... 53 4.3 挖掘机驾驶室色彩意向定位............................................................................................... 62 4.4 挖掘机驾驶室色彩设计仿真............................................................................................... 65 4.5 本章小结............................................................................................................................... 70 万方数据 IV 5 5 挖掘机驾驶室布局优化设计挖掘机驾驶室布局优化设计仿真仿真评价评价...................................................................................7171 5.1 挖掘机驾驶室人机仿真分析............................................................................................... 71 5.2 挖掘机驾驶室色彩方案对比分析....................................................................................... 73 5.3 模糊数学评价....................................................................................................................... 74 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................................... 77 6 6 结论与展望结论与展望............................................................................................................................... 7878 6.1 结论....................................................................................................................................... 78 6.2 展望....................................................................................................................................... 78 参考文献参考文献.......................................................................................................................................8080 作者简历作者简历.......................................................................................................................................8484 论文原创性声明论文原创性声明...........................................................................................................................8585 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集...........................................................................................................................8686 万方数据 V Contents Abstract...........................................................................................................................................I Contents....................................................................................................................................... III List of Figures.............................................................................................................................VII List of Tables..................................................................................................................................X List of Variables...........................................................................................................................XI 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Background................................................................................................................1 1.2 Current Research Situation at Home and Abroad......................................................................2 1.3 Research Innovation Points..................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Purpose and Significance of the Study....................................................................................12 1.5 Research s and Technical Routes................................................................................ 13 1.6 Research Content and Structure Framework...........................................................................14 2 Overview of Basic Theories and Research Objects............................................................... 17 2.1ABrief Introduction to Perceptual Engineering Theory..........................................................17 2.2 Overview of Ergonomics Theory.............................................................................................19 2.3 Study on the Characteristics of Mining Excavator Cab...........................................................22 2.4 Summary of the Chapter..........................................................................................................29 3 Design and uation System of Cab Layout.........................................................31 3.1 Layout Problem Description and Solutions.............................................................................31 3.2 Theoretical Model of Layout Design.......................................................................................33 3.3 uation Problem Description and Solutions.......................................................................42 3.4 Comprehensive uation Theory Model..............................................................................43 3.5 Summary of the Chapter..........................................................................................................50 4 Optimization Design of Excavator Cab Layout.....................................................................51 4.1 Design Principles of Spacial Layout of Excavator Cab...........................................................51 4.2 Design and Simulation of Space Layout of Excavator Cab.....................................................53 4.3 Location of Color Intention in Excavator Cab.........................................................................62 4.4 Color Design Simulation of Excavator Cab............................................................................ 65 4.5 Summary of this Chapter.........................................................................................................70 万方数据 VI 5 Simulation uation of Optimal Design of Excavator Cab Layout..................................71 5.1 Man-machine SimulationAnalysis of Excavator Cab.............................................................71 5.2 ComparativeAnalysis of Color Scheme of Excavator Cab.....................................................73 5.3 Fuzzy Mathematics uation................................................................................................74 5.4 Summary of this Chapter.........................................................................................................77 6 Conclusions and Prospects.......................................................................................................78 6.1 Conclusions..............................................................................................................................78 6.2 Prospects..................................................................................................................................78 References.....................................................................................................................................80 Author’s Resume.