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硕士学位论文 水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩性能研究 Research on Underwater Rock Breaking by Adbrasive Slurry Jet and Pick Perance 作 者马浩 导 师刘送永 教授 中国矿业大学 二○二○年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD421 学校代码 10290 UDC 621 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩性能研究 Research on Underwater Rock Breaking by Adbrasive Slurry Jet and Pick Perance 作 者 马浩 导 师 刘送永 教授 申请学位 工学硕士学位 培养单位 机电工程学院 学科专业 机械制造及其自动化 研究方向 机械/液力破岩机理 答辩委员会主席 杨善国 教授 评 阅 人 盲审 二○二○年六月 万方数据 致谢致谢 逝者如斯，三年时间历经千帆，洗尽铅华。回首望，恍若昨日历历在目，惜 别之情、感恩之意溢于言表。 初入师门，深感导师刘送永教授学术上的严谨与严格，汇报要求简明扼要， 建议更是一针见血，当时忐忑，日久却渐渐明白正是这种雷厉风行的风格鞭挞着 我不断成长、不敢懈怠。从论文的选题、开题到试验台的搭建、试验方案的确定 每一个过程导师都秉着认真负责和一丝不苟的态度，给予了耐心的指导，帮助我 完成了毕业论文。生活之中，导师更是以父母心关爱我，每次试验前总是嘱咐要 注意安全； 在遭遇重大事故时， 第一时间来到身旁， 给予莫大的支持。 才高行洁， 以学筑人，以德树人，饮其流者怀其源，学其成时念吾师。 感谢课题组张永忠教授、 杜长龙教授以及江红祥副教授在科研学习中给予的 指导与帮助。 感谢江苏哈德机电装备有限公司的胡正伟经理、 张传红师傅在试验台加工中 为我所提供的帮助。 感谢李洪盛师兄、纪云师兄、周方跃师兄、张德义师兄以及谢奇志师兄在课 题研究中给予的学术指导，诸位师兄认真细心，不厌其烦的为我答疑解惑，以自 己专业知识为我提出了宝贵意见。 感谢贾继光师弟、商港师弟、姚建师弟、陈毅师弟与顾聪聪师弟为开展课题 试验研究提供的帮助。在你们的助力下，相关试验才能顺利的开展。 感谢周达硕士、黄举硕士、贾新庆硕士和徐盼盼硕士三年来的陪伴，遇见你 们是我人生一大幸事。 感谢张艺芝硕士长久的陪伴、给我以光，是我完成论文的重要保障。感谢宋 卫剑同学在生活上给予的帮助，丰富了我的业余生活、缓解了精神压力。 感谢我的家人给我的支持与鼓励，你们永远是我最坚强的后盾。焉得谖草， 言树之背，养育之恩、无以为报。 感谢参考文献的作者提供了研究基础，给出了诸多的研究思路与方法。 最后，由衷感谢百忙之中参与论文评审与答辩的各位专家，感谢各位老师的 批评与指正 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 随着经济发展，陆地不可再生资源日益减少，海洋矿产开采价值日益凸显。 开发海洋矿产就要求在水下环境中完成岩石的破碎， 本文针对机械刀具破岩方式 存在的破岩效率低、刀具磨损严重等问题，提出了水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩 方法，运用流体力学、流固耦合理论与岩石破碎理论，以数值模拟与试验相结合 的方式， 从水下浆料射流流动特性、 水下浆料射流破岩机理、 水下浆料射流-截齿 联合破岩性能三个方面，开展水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩性能研究，旨在揭示 水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩性能、 高效破岩规律， 为相关科研试验、 实际生产活 动提供指导。 首先， 为获得高聚物水溶液在不同剪切速率下的黏度特性、为建立水下浆料 射流数值模型提供材料参数依据、 为水下浆料射流破岩试验提供指导以及分析依 据，根据高分子流变学，试验研究聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的黏度特性，以幂律模型构 造其本构函数；在此基础上，结合流体动力学构建基于 LES/RANS 的水下浆料 射流仿真模型；获得了水下环境中不同条件下浆料射流流场的流动特性。 其次，为探究水下浆料射流破岩机理、不同工况参数对其截割性能的影响规 律，建立了基于 ALE 方法、罚函数耦合算法的水下浆料射流破岩数值模型，并 在同种工况下，开展岩石截割试验验证了数值模型的准确性；结合数值模拟揭示 岩石裂纹扩展形态、 岩石应力分布特征； 为定量分析不同工况对破岩性能的影响， 搭建浆料射流系统，开展水下浆料射流破岩正交试验，研究表明对水下浆料射流 破岩能力影响程度从大到小的因素依次为横移速度、系统压力、靶距、磨料浓 度、PAM 浓度；为定量地探究横移速度、系统压力对截割能力影响程度，分别实 施空气、水下环境的单因素浆料射流破岩试验，得到空气中与水环境中不同横移 速度、系统压力下，截割深度、最大失效靶距的回归预测模型；这些变化规律可 为开展水下浆料射流破岩研究、生产提供参考。 最后， 为研究水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩性能， 建立数值仿真模型， 定性阐 明水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩破岩过程；为获得水下联合破岩性能表现，研制 水下单齿截割试验装置，与浆料射流系统一起，组建水下浆料射流-截齿联合破 岩试验系统； 试验研究了水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩过程， 获得空气、 水下环境 中截割阻力随截割深度的变化规律；获得水下截齿破岩、水下浆料射流-截齿联 合破岩截割阻力、破岩效率与截割深度间变化关系。 所得结论可为水下破岩作业 提供技术指导。 该论文有图79幅，表14个，参考文献112篇。 关键词关键词浆料射流；水下破岩；截齿破岩；聚丙烯酰胺；流场仿真 万方数据 II Abstract With the development of economy, the land non-renewable resources are decreasing day by day, and the exploitation value of marine minerals is becoming more and more prominent. Development of marine mineral requires complete rock broken in the underwater environment, this paper machinery tool broken rock breaking of the rock of such problems as low efficiency, serious tool wear, on the basis of the theory of fluid mechanics, the fluid-structure interaction and the rock breaking theory, in the of numerical simulation combined with experiment, from under the water adbrasive slurry jet flow characteristics, the mechanism of underwater adbrasive slurry jet, underwater rock breaking by adbrasive slurry jet combine with pick lithology to three aspects, to carry out the underwater rock breaking by adbrasive slurry jet combine with pick perance research, aims to reveal the underwater rock breaking perance by adbrasive slurry jet and pick, efficient law of rock breaking, provide guidance for related scientific research test, the actual production activities. First of all, in order to obtain the viscosity of polymer solution under different shear rate characteristics, in order to establish water slurry jet flow numerical model provides the basis of the material parameter and provide guidance for underwater slurry jet test and analysis the basis, according to polymer rheology, experimental study on the viscosity properties of PAM aqueous solution, with power law model constructs its constitutive function; On this basis, the simulation model of underwater slurry jet based on LES/RANS was constructed by combining fluid dynamics. The flow characteristics of slurry jet flow under different conditions in underwater environment are obtained. Secondly, in order to explore the rock breaking mechanism of underwater adbrasive slurry jet and the influence law of different working conditions parameters on its cutting perance, a numerical model of underwater rock breaking adbrasive slurry jet was established based on ALE and penalty function coupling algorithm. In addition, rock cutting tests were carried out to verify the accuracy of the numerical model under the same working conditions. The crack propagation morphology and stress distribution characteristics of rock were revealed by numerical simulation. In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of different working conditions on lithologic energy, a adbrasive slurry jet system was built and the orthogonal test of underwater adbrasive slurry jet rock breaking was carried out. The study showed that the factors affecting the rock breaking ability of underwater adbrasive slurry jet from large to small were transverse velocity, system pressure, target 万方数据 III distance, abrasive concentration, PAM concentration. In order to quantitatively explore the influence of transverse velocity and system pressure on cutting ability, rock breaking tests of single-factor adbrasive slurry jet in air and underwater environments were carried out respectively, and regression prediction models of cutting depth and maximum failure target distance under different transverse velocity and system pressure in air and water environments were obtained. These changing rules can provide reference for experiment of underwater rock breaking adbrasive slurry jet. Finally, in order to study the perance of underwater rock breaking by adbrasive slurry jet-and pick, a numerical simulation model was established to qualitatively clarify the process of underwater rock breaking by adbrasive slurry jet- and pick and the mechanism of jets auxiliary effect on rock-breaking. In order to obtain the perance of underwater rock breaking by adbrasive slurry jet-and pick, the underwater single-tooth cutting test device was developed. Together with the adbrasive slurry jet system, the underwater rock breaking by adbrasive slurry jet and pick test system was established. The rock breaking process of underwater slurry jet combined with cutting teeth was studied experimentally. The variation law of cutting resistance with cutting depth in air and underwater environment was obtained.The variation trend of cutting resistance and efficiency of underwater slurry jet combined with cutting teeth can be obtained.The conclusion can provide technical guidance for underwater rock breaking operation. The paper has 79 pictures, 14 tables, and 112 references. Keywords adbrasive slurry jet; underwater rock breaking;pick rock breaking; polyacrylamide; simulation of fluent 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIV 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩概述 ....................................................................... 2 1.3 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 主要研究内容与技术路线................................................................................... 10 1.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 10 2 水下浆料射流流动特性研究水下浆料射流流动特性研究 ................................................................................. 11 2.1 高聚物流变特性理论基础................................................................................... 11 2.2 浆体黏度特性试验............................................................................................... 13 2.3 水下浆料射流理论模型....................................................................................... 16 2.4 水下浆料射流仿真分析....................................................................................... 21 2.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 30 3 水下浆料射流破岩机理研究水下浆料射流破岩机理研究 ................................................................................. 31 3.1 水下浆料射流破岩仿真....................................................................................... 31 3.2 水下浆料射流破岩试验....................................................................................... 39 3.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 53 4 水下浆料射流水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩性能研究截齿联合破岩性能研究 ................................................................ 55 4.1 水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩试验系统构建 ..................................................... 55 4.2 水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩仿真 ..................................................................... 58 4.3 水下浆料射流-截齿联合破岩试验 ..................................................................... 61 4.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 67 5 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 69 5.1 结论....................................................................................................................... 69 5.2 展望....................................................................................................................... 70 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 71 万方数据 V 作者简介作者简介 ..................................................................................................................... 78 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 79 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 80 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Variables ..................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Significance .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Overeview of Under-water Rock Breaking by Pick Assisted with Adbrasive Slurry Jet ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Overseas and Domestic Research Status ................................................................. 6 1.4 Main Study Contents and Technical Routes .......................................................... 10 1.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 12 2 Study on Flow Characteristics of Underwater Adbrasive Slurry Jet ................ 11 2.1 Basic Theroy of Rheological Characteristics ......................................................... 11 2.2 The Viscosity Properties of Slurry Experiment ..................................................... 13 2.3 Basic Theory of Underwater ASJ .......................................................................... 16 2.4 Underwater ASJ Numerical Simulation................................................................. 21 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 30 3 Study on Rock Breaking Mechanism of Under Water Adbrasive Slurry Jet ... 31 3.1 The Mechanism of Underwater ASJ Rock Breaking Numerical Simulation ........ 31 3.2 Underwater ASJ Rock Breaking Experiment ........................................................ 39 3.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 53 4 Study on Underwater Rock Breaking Perance by Pick and Adbrasive Slurry Jet .................................................................................................................... 55 4.1 Setup The Experiment System of Underwater Rock Breaking by Pick and ASJ .. 55 4.2 Underwater Rock Breaking by Pick and Adbrasive Slurry Jet Numerical Simulation ...................................................................................................................................... 58 4.3 Underwater Rock Breaking by Pick and Adbrasive Slurry Jet Experiment .......... 61 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 67 5 Conclusions and Prospects ..................................................................................... 69 万方数据 VII 5.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 69 5.2 Prospects ............................................................................................................... 70 References .............
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