ASCE_7-2005_建筑和其它结构的最小设计载荷.pdf

ASCE ASCE STANDARD ASCEISEI 7-05 Including Supplement No. 1 American Society of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures This document uses both the International System of Units SI and customary units - - - - - - Structural Engrneerrng InSbtUte it i . r a i l L i 4 - Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia 20 19 1 www.pubs.asce.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific , product, process or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general ination only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any ination, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefore. This ination should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing this ination assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. ASCE and American Society of Civil Engineers-Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Photocopies Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under circumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASCE to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center CCC Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of 25.00 per article is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. The identification for this book is 0-7844-0740-083 1-91061 25.00. Requests for special permission or bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions consulting engineering, research, construction industry, who serve on the Standards Committee are education, government, design, and private practice. Kharaiti L. Abrol, P.E. Iyad M. Alsamsam, P.E. Paul Armstrong, P.E. Robert E. Bachman, S.E. Charles C. Baldwin, P.E. Demirtas C. Bayar, P.E. David G. Brinker Ray A. Bucklin, Ph.D., P.E. James R. Cagley, P.E. George M. Matsumura, P.E. Therese P. McAllister, Ph.D Richard McConnell, Ph.D., P.E. Kishor C. Mehta, Ph.D., P.E. Joseph J. Messersmith Jr., P.E. Fred Morello Vilas S. Mujumdar, P.E. Mark Nunn Joe N. Nunnery, P.E. Alan Carr George N. Olive Charles J. Carter Charles Olivier Jack E. Cermak, Ph.D., P.E. Michael ORourke, Ph.D., P.E. William L. Coulbourne, P.E. Michael F. Pacey, P.E. Jay H. Crandell, P.E. Frederick J, Palmer, P.E. Majed A. Dabdoub Alan B. Peabody, P.E. Bernard J. Deneke, P.E. David B. Peraza, P.E. Bradford K. Douglas, P.E. Clarkson W. Pinkham, P.E. John F. Duntemann, P.E. Robert T. Ratay, Ph.D., P.E. Donald Dusenberry, P.E. Mayasandra K. Ravindra, Ph.D., P.E. Bruce R. Ellingwood, Ph.D., P.E., Vice-Chair Lawrence D. Reaveley, P.E. Edward R. Estes, Jr., P.E. Abraham J. Rokach, P.E. Mohammed M. Ettouney, P.E. James A. Rossberg, P.E., Secretary David A. Fanella, Ph.D., P.E. Herbert S. Saffir, P.E., L.S. Lawrence Fischer, P.E. William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E. Theodore V. Galambos, Ph.D., P.E. Emil Simiu, Ph.D., P.E. Satyendra K. Ghosh, Ph.D, P.E. Thomas D. Skaggs, P.E. Howard C. Gibbs, P.E. Thomas L. Smith, P.E. Dennis W. Graber, P.E., L.S. James G. Greg Soules, P.E. Lawrence G. Griffis, P.E. David S. Gromala, P.E. Ronald 0 . Hamburger, P.E. Robert D. Hanson, Ph.D., P.E. James R. Hanis, Ph.D., P.E., Chair Gilliam S. Hanis, P.E. Scott R. Humphreys, P.E. Nicholas Isyumov, P.E. Christopher P. Jones, P.E. John H. Kampmann Jr., P.E. A. Harry Karabinis, P.E. Volkan Kebeli Jon P. Kiland, P.E. John R. Randy Kissell, P.E. Joseph E. Knarich Uno Kula, P.E. Edward M. Laatsch, P.E. John V. Loscheider, P.E. Ian Mackinlay Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E. Bonnie E. Manley, P.E. Hany W. Martin, P.E. Andrew F. Martin, P.E. Rusk Masih, Ph.D., P.E. Thomas E. ric Stafford, P.E. Theodore Stathopoulos, Ph.D., P.E. Donald R. Strand, P.E. Hany B. Thomas, P.E. Chris Tokas Brian E. Trimble, P.E. David P. Tyree, P.E. Thomas R. Tyson, P.E. Yi Kwei Wen, Ph.D. Peter J. Gore-Willse, P.E. Lyle L. Wilson Joseph A. Tony Wintz 111, P.E. Tom C. Xia, P.E. Task Committee on Genei-a1 Structui-a1 Requii-ements Iyad M. Alsamsam, P.E. Nanci Buscemi, P.E. James S. Cohen, P.E. John F. Duntemann, P.E. Donald Dusenberry, P.E., Chair John L. Gross 111, Ph.D., P.E. Ronald 0 . Hamburger, P.E. Marcelino Iglesias Anatol Longinow, Ph.D., P.E. John V. Loscheider, P.E. Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E. Robert T. Ratay, Ph.D., P.E. Mayasandra K. Ravindra, Ph.D., P.E. James G. Greg Soules, P.E. Jason J. Thompson Task Committee on Sti-ength Iyad M. Alsamsam, P.E. James S. Cohen, P.E. Donald Dusenberry, P.E. Bruce R. Ellingwood, Ph.D., P.E., Chair Theodore V. Galambos, Ph.D., P.E. David S. Gromala, P.E. Ronald 0 . Hamburger, P.E. James R. Hanis, Ph.D., P.E. Nestor R. Iwankiw, P.E. John V. Loscheider, P.E. Sanjeev R. Malushte, Ph.D, P.E. Joe N. Nunnery, P.E. Clarkson W. Pinkham, P.E. Mayasandra K. Ravindra, Ph.D., P.E. Andrew Scanlon, P.E. William L. Lee Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E. James G. Greg Soules, P.E. Yi Kwei Wen, Ph.D. Task Committee on Live Loads Richard M. Bennett, Ph.D., P.E. John V. Loscheider, P.E William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E. John G. Tawresey, P.E. Hany B. Thomas, P.E. Thomas R. Tyson, P.E. Yi Kwei Wen, Ph.D., Chair Task Committee on Flood Loads William L. Coulbourne, P.E. Christopher P. Jones, P.E., Chair Task Committee on Wind Loads Daryl W. Boggs, P.E. Jack E. Cermak, Ph.D., P.E. Ronald A. Cook, P.E. Jay H. Crandell, P.E. Bradford K. Douglas, P.E. Charles Everly Dennis W. Graber, P.E., L.S. Lawrence G. Griffis, P.E., Chair Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Gilliam S. Hanis. P.E. David B. Hattis Peter A. Irwin, Ph.D., P.E. Nicholas Isyumov, P.E. Ahsan Kareem, Ph.D. Leon Kempner Jr., P.E. Edward M. Laatsch, P.E. Marc L. Levitan, Ph.D. Scott A. Lockyear John V. Loscheider, P.E. Kishor C. Mehta, Ph.D., P.E. Joseph J. Messersmith Jr., P.E. Rick Perry Jon A. Peterka, P.E. Timothy A. Reinhold, P.E. Herbert S. Saffir, P.E., L.S. Jeffrey C. Sciaudone, P.E. Donald R. Scott, P.E. William L. Lee Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E. Emil Simiu, Ph.D., P.E. Douglas A. Smith, P.E. Thomas L. Smith, P.E. Thomas E. Eric Stafford, P.E. Theodore Stathopoulos, Ph.D., P.E. Peter J. Vickery, Ph.D. Robert J. Wills, P.E. Peter J. Gore-Willse, P.E. Task Committee on Snow and Rain Loads Bradford K. Douglas, P.E. David S. Gromala, P.E. David B. Hattis Nicholas Isyumov, P.E. John R. Randy Kissell, P.E. Scott A. Lockyear Ian Mackinlay Hank Martin Joe N. Nunnery, P.E. Mark Radmaker Michael ORourke, Ph.D., P.E., Chair Mike Pacey Scott Russell Ronald L. Sack, Ph.D., P.E. Edwin R. Schmeckpeper Joe Scholze William L. Lee Shoemaker, Ph Gary Schumaker Peter J. Gore-Willse, P.E. Task Committee on Atmospheric David G. Brinker, P.E. Clayton L. Clem, P.E. Karen Finstad Asim K. Haldar Kathy Jones Adam Jones Leon Kempner Jr., P.E. Mohamed A. H. Khedr Settiana G. Krishnasamy, P.E. Alain LaRouche Neal Lott Don Marshall Ghy slaine McClure Mike Miller Robert Morris Alan B. Peabody, P.E., Chair William B. Rettig Chuck Ryerson Lawrence M. Slavin Ronald M. Thorkildson John Wahba Brian White Task Committee on Seismic Pi-ox Victor D. Azzi, P.E. Robert E. Bachman, S.E. David R. Bonneville, S.E. Alan Carr Robert N. Chittenden, P.E. Len Cobb, P.E. Michael Constantinou, Ph.D. C. B. Crouse, Ph.D., P.E. Bradford K. Douglas, P.E. Susan Dowty Douglas A. Foutch, Ph.D., P.E. Satyendra K. Ghosh, Ph.D., P.E. John Gillengerten Ronald 0 . Hamburger, P.E. Robert D. Hanson, Ph.D., P.E. I.D., P.E. Icing James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E. Ronald W. Haupt, P.E. Neil M. Hawkins, Ph.D. John R. Hayes, P.E. Claret Heider Douglas G. Honegger John Hooper, P.E. Y. Henry Huang, P.E. Martin W. Johnson, P.E. Dominic J. Kelly, P.E. Joe Knarich Leon Kempner Jr., P.E. Ghassem Khosrownia, P.E. Jon P. Kiland, P.E. Charles A. Kircher, Ph.D., P.E. Vladimir Kochkin Edgar V. Leyendecker Mike Mahoney Sanjeev R. Malushte, Ph.D., P.E. Bonnie E. Manley, P.E. Harry W. Martin, P.E. Robert R. McCluer, P.E. Kit Miyamoto, P.E., S.E. Rudy Mulia, P.E. Bernard F. Murphy, P.E. Robert C. Murray, P.E. Philip Myers Robert G. Pekelnicky, S.E. Maurice S. Power Erin Pratt, P.E. Lawrence D. Reaveley, P.E. James A. Rossberg, P.E. Arthur B. Savery, P.E. Daniel Shapiro, P.E. John F. Silva, P.E. Jonathan C. Siu, P.E. James G. Greg Soules, P.E. Harold 0 . Sprague, P.E. Bill Staehlin Jason J. Thompson Chris Tokas Miroslav Vejvoda, P.E. John W. Wallace, Ph.D., P.E. Andrew S. Whittaker, Ph.D., P.E. Ben Yousefi, P.E. viii Acknowledgements DEDICATION The members of the Standards Committee, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structui-es, and its task committees respect- fully dedicate this standard in memory of James Merriam Delahay, P.E., who passed away unexpectedly on April 16,2005 at the age of 46. Through his technical ability, leadership, and good humor, Jim contributed greatly to improving the technical requirements of this standard, most specifically the wind load provisions. It was primarily through his efforts that the simplified wind load requirements, 1, were introduced into this standard in 1998. Jim contributed substantial time and talent to improve the clarity and usefulness of the standard, and he worked hard to bring knowledge about the wind load provisions to the profession. His advice, counsel, and warm smile will be sorely missed. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures CONTENTS Page STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1 1 1 v vii ix STANDARD 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Basic Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3.1 Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3.2 Serviceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3.3 Self-straining Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3.4 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3.5 Counteracting Structural Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 General Structural Integrity 2 1.5 Classification of Buildings and Other Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.5.1 Nature of Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.5.2 Toxic, Highly Toxic, and Explosive Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.6 Additions and Alterations to Existing Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.7 LoadTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents 3 2 CombinationsofLoads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Symbols and Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Combining Factored Loads Using Strength Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 Basic Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Load Combinations Including Flood Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.4 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric Ice Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Combining Nominal Loads Using Allowable Stress Design 2.4.1 Basic Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Load Combinations Including Flood Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric Ice Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Load Combinations for Extraordinary Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Dead Loads. Soil Loads. and Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 DeadLoads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Weights of Materials and Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Weight of Fixed Service Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Lateral Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Uplift on Floors and Foundations . . . . . . . .