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AWS 01.1/01.1M2008 An American National Standard Approved by the American National Standards Institute JUly2,2008 Structural WeldingCode- Steel 21st Edition Supersedes AWS Dl.l/D1.1M2006 Prepared by the American Welding SocietyCAWSDlCommittee on Structural Welding Under the Directionofthe AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by the AWSBoardofDirectors Abstract This code covers the welding requirements for any type of welded structure made from the commonly used carbon and low-alloy constructional steels. Clauses I through 8 constitute a bodyofrules for the regulationofwelding in steel construction. There are eight normative and twelve inative anns in this code. A Commentaryofthe codeis included with the document. Reproducedby 9 .EWorldEngineerin.gXchange WiththePermissionof AWSUnderRoyaltyAgreement 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 AWS 01.1/01.1 M2008 International Standard Book Number 978-0-87171-090-1 American Welding Society 550 N.W. Lejeune Road, Miami,FL33126 2008 by American Welding Society All rights reserved Printed in Canada Photocopy Rights.Noportio.nofthis standard maybereproduced, stored in a retri system, or transmitted in any , including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permissionofthe copyright owner. Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal,oreducational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use onlyofspecific clientsisgranted by the American Welding Society provided that theappropriate\ fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,MA01923, tel 978 750-8400; Internet\J . ii AWS D1.1/D1.1M2008 Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards All standards codes, specifications, recommended practices, s, classifications, and guidesofthe American Welding Society AWS are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rulesofthe American National Standards Institute ANSI. When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulationsofother govern- mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authorityofthe statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a partof those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authorityofthe contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements ofan AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties. AWSAmerican National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the developmentofconsensus, it does not independently test, u- ate, or verify the accuracyofany ination or the soundnessofanyjudgments contained in its standards. AWS disclaims liabiljty for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warrantyastothe accuracy or completenessofany ination published herein. In issuing and making this standard available, AWSisneither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalfofany person or entity, norisAWS undertaking to per any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the adviceofa competent professional in determining the rciseofreasonable care in any given circumstances.Itis assumed that the useofthis standard and its provisions are entrustedtoappropriately qualified and competent personnel. This standard may be superseded by the issuanceofnew editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition. Publicationofthis standard does not authorize infringementofany patent or trade name. Usersofthis standard accept any and all liabilities for infringementofany patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringementof any patent or product trade name resulting from the useofthis standard. Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so. On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted on the AWS web page www.aws.org. Official interpretationsofanyofthe technical requirementsofthis standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. Lejeune Road, Miami,FL33126 see Annex0. With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solelyasa convenience to usersofthis standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinionsofthe particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalfofAWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretationsof AWS. In addition, oral opinions are inal and should not be usedasa substitute for an official interpretation. This standardissubject to revision at any time by the AWSDlCommittee on Structural Welding.Itmust be reviewed every five years, andifnot revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments recommendations, additions, or deletions and any pertinent data that may beofuse in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWSDlCommittee on Structural Welding and the authorofthe comments will be inedofthe Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetingsofthe AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appealofan adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the RulesofOperationof the Technical Activities Committee. A copyofthese Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. Lejeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. iii 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 AWS D1.1/D1.1 M2008 This page is intentionally blank. iv AWS D1.1/D1.1 M2008 Personnel AWSDlCommittee on Structural Welding D. D. Rager, Chair D.K.Miller, 1st Vice Chair A. W. Sindel, 2nd Vice Chair S. Morales, Secretary N.J. Altebrando F.G.Armao E. L. Bickford F. C. Breismeister B.M. Butler H. H. Campbell, III L.E.Collins R. B. Corbit R. A. Dennis M. A. Grieco C.W. Holmes J. J. Kenney J. H. Kiefer V.Kuruvilla J.Lawmon D. R. Lawrence,n N.S.Lindell D. R. Luciani S.L.Luckowski P. W. Marshall M.J.Mayes D. L. McQuaid R. D. Medlock J. Merrill T. L. Niemann J. B. Pearson D.C.Phillips J. W. Post T. Schlafly D. R. Scott D. A. Shapira R. E. Shaw, Jr. R. W. Stieve P. J. Sullivan M. M. Tayarani K. K.Verma B. D. Wright v Rager Consulting, Incorporated The Lincoln Electric Company Alstom Power, Incorporated American Welding Society STV, Incorporated The Lincoln Electric Company Acute Technological Services Strocal, Incorporated Walt Disney World Company Parker Drilling Team Industries, Incorporated lon Nuclear Corporation Consultant Massachusetts Highway Department Modjeski and Masters, Incorporated Shell International Enically loaded structures, respectively, in order to make the document applicable to a broader rangeofstructural corlfigurations. Underlined text in the subclauses, tables, or figures indicates an editorial or technical change from the 2006 edition. A vertical line in the margin indicates a revision from the 2006 edition. The followingisa summaryofthe most significant technical revisions contained in D1.1/D1.1M2008 Clause1.2-Revisedto clarify limitationsofthe code. Clause2.3.5-Newsection on depthoffilling for plug and slot welds added. Clause2.5.4-Revisionsmade to clarify the allowable stress for a singular linear fillet weld or fillet weld groupsof parallel linear fillet welds. Clause2.5.4.4-Addsdesign equation for determining allowable stresses on fillet welds in concentrically loaded weld Clause2.6.7-Revisedprovision for calculating the resistance provided by connections sharing the load between welds, bolts, and rivets. Clause 2.7.I-Revisedto eliminate transition slope requirements for butt jointsofunequal thickness in typical low yield tension load situations. Clause2,Tables-Tables2.4 through 2.9 were renumbered to accommodate a new table detailing the strength coeffi- cients for obliquely loaded fillet welds. Table2.3-Newnote added to limit allowable stresses for plug and slot welds. Figure2.2-Revisedto apply to cyclically loaded structures. Figure2.3-Revisedto apply to the thicknessofstatically loaded structures. Figure2.6-Correctionsmade to better illustrate holdback dimensions and tension. Figures 2.9 and2.W-Correctionswere made to splice joint thicknesses. Clause3.7-Addsnew provision on prequalified shielding gases. Clause3.W-Revisedto clarify the minimum depth offilling for plug and slot welds. Figure3.4-Correctionmade was to the tolerances for B-U7-S. Clause 4.8.I-Term“run-offtab“ replaced with “weld tabs.“ Clauses 4.11.1 and 4.11.2-Qualification testing requirements for fillets clarified. Clause4.23.2-Revisedto clarify welding operator requirements for ESW and EGW. xiii 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 AWS D1.1/D1.1 M2008 Table 4.I-Noteassignments for production pipe butt-grooves clarified. Table4.5-Revisedso that numberofelectrodesisa FOR essential variable for GTAW. Table4.6-Changeswere made to required FOR supplementary essential variables when for single to multiple electrode, or vice versa, in same weld pool and interpass temperatures. Table4.10--Noteassignments clarified. Figure4.19-1/8in[3mm] weld size added to fillet weld soundness tests for WPS qualification. Figures 4.31 and4.32-Noteadded to allow side-bent test substitutions for face- or- root-bend tests for 3/8 in [10 mm] plate. Figure4.38-Revisedto apply to both welder and welder operator qualification as well as WPS qualification. Clause5.3-Deletedreferences to shielding gases. Clauses 5.3.4.1 and5.3.4.2-Revisedto clarify low-alloy electrodes by strength and not process. References toA5 specifications corrected. Clause 5.18-Entiresection on temporary welds and tack welds was revised and reorganized while introducing the new term “construction aid welds.“ Clause 5.22.I-Changed“fillet weld leg“ to “fillet weld legs“ for clarification. Clause6.1.4.4-Changedthe required visual acuity test from Snellen English test to a Jaeger J-2 test at a distanceof 12in-17 in [300 mm-430 mm]. Clause6.12-Entiresection RT discontinuity acceptance criteria was reorganized. Clause 6.24.I-Changedthe required minimum requalification interval for UT equipment horizontal linearity. Clause6.25.3-Changedthe recalibration interval requirement for UT testing equipment. Clause6.25.5.2-Revisedto establish the required maximized horizontal trace deflection screen height for IT testing procedures. Clause 6,Figures-Allfigures and cases in Clause 6 have been revised and renumbered. Figures 6.2 and6.3-Figureon maximum acceptable RT images was moved to the commentary. Clause7.2.6-Correctionmade to ASTM specification reference. Clause7.3.3-Revisedto eliminate six-month requirement for quality control tests on studs prior to delivery. Clause7.8.5-Revisedto clarify the Contractors responsibility for corrective stud welding. AnnexC-Contentwas moved to Clause 6 Commentary. Annex C leftblanktoavoid confusion with Commentary sections. AnnexG-Contentsmoved into Clause 7 as new Clause 7.9. Text revised so a stud base qualified with an approved grade ofASTM A 108 also meets requirementsof7.3.1. AnnexK-Addednew term “construction aid weld“ and deleted term “temporary weld.“ AnnexN-Sample N-1 revised to include power source. AnnexU-Referencedocuments have been updated to include applicable year. Annex V-Updatedall tables to include most recentA5Classifications. ClauseC-1.2-Contentdeleted and moved into Clause 1.2. Clauses C-2.5.4, C-2.6.5, C-2.6.7, andC-2.7.1-Newcommentary added. Clause C-2,Figures-Figuresrenumbered and new figures added illustrating obliquely loaded weld groups. C-Table3.7-Newcommentary added for root pass and fill pass thickness variables. ClauseC-5.3.2.1-Revisedto clarify “low-hydrogen“ term. XIV AWS D1.1/D1.1M2008 ClauseC-6.11.1-Newcommentary added on tubular connection requirements. Clause C-6,Figures-Newfigures added illustrating discontinuity acceptance criteria. Clause C-AnnexI-Sectiondesignations removed for clarification. AWSB4.0,Standard s for Mechanical TestingofWelds,provides additional detailsoftest specimen preparation and detailsoftest fixture construction. Commentary.The Commentary is nonmandatory and is intended only to provide insightful ination into provision rationale. NormativeAnns. These anns address specific subjects in the code and their requirements are mandatory require- ments that supplement the code provisions. InativeAnns. These anns are not code requirements but are provided to clarify code provisions by showing examples, providing ination, or suggesting alternative good practices. Index. As in previous codes, the entries in the Index are referred to by subclause number rather than by page number. This should enable the userofthe Index to locate a particular itemofinterest in minimum time. Errata.Itis the Structural Welding Committees Policy that all errata should be made available to usersofthe code. Therefore, any significanterrata will be published in the Society News SectionoftheWelding Journaland postedonthe AWS web site at http//www.aws.org/technical/dl/. Suggestions. Your comments for improving AWS D1.1/D1.1M2008,Structural WeldingCode-Steelare welcome. comments to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. Lejeune Road, Miami,FL33126; telephone 305 443-9353; fax 305 443-5951; e-mail infoaws.org; or via the AWS web site . xv 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 AWS D1.1/D1.1 M2008 This page is intentionally blank. xvi AWS D1.1/D1.1M2008 Table of Contents Page No. Personnelv Forewordxi ListofTablesxxii ListofFiguresxxiv 1.General Requirements,1 1.1Scope1 1.2Limitations1 1.3Definition.s1 1.4Responsibilities2 1.5ApprovaL2 1.6Welding Symbols3 1.7Safety Precautions3 1.8Standard UnitsofMeas
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